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在 ThreadPoolExecutor (TPE) 中,回调是否总是保证与提交的函数在同一个线程中运行?

例如,我使用以下代码对此进行了测试。我运行了很多次,它似乎func并且callback总是在同一个线程中运行。

import concurrent.futures 
import random 
import threading 
import time 

executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) 

def func(x): 
    time.sleep(random.random()) 
    return threading.current_thread().name 

def callback(future): 
    time.sleep(random.random()) 
    x = future.result() 
    cur_thread = threading.current_thread().name 
    if (cur_thread != x): 
        print(cur_thread, x) 

print('main thread: %s' % threading.current_thread()) 
for i in range(10000): 
    future = executor.submit(func, i) 
    future.add_done_callback(callback) 

但是,当我删除语句时,它似乎失败了time.sleep(random.random()),即至少有几个func函数并且callbacks 没有在同一个线程中运行。

对于我正在处理的项目,回调必须始终与提交的函数在同一线程上运行,因此我想确保 TPE 能保证这一点。(而且没有随机睡眠的测试结果也令人费解)。

我查看了执行程序的源代码,似乎我们在运行回调之前没有将线程切换到主线程。但只是想确定一下。

4

1 回答 1

14

该文档不保证在哪个线程回调中运行。唯一记录在案的保证是回调将在属于添加回调的进程的线程中运行,但这可能是任何线程,因为您使用的是 ThreadPoolExecutor 而不是ProcessPoolExecutor:

添加的可调用对象按照它们添加的顺序被调用,并且总是在属于添加它们的进程的线程中调用。


在当前的 ThreadPoolExecutor 实现中,回调执行的线程取决于Future添加回调时的状态,以及是否Future取消。这些是实现细节;你不应该依赖它们,因为它们在不同的 Python 实现或不同的版本中可能会有所不同,并且它们可能会随时更改,恕不另行通知。

如果您在Future完成后添加回调,回调将在您调用的任何线程中执行add_done_callback。您可以通过查看add_done_callback源代码来看到这一点:

def add_done_callback(self, fn):
    """Attaches a callable that will be called when the future finishes.

    Args:
        fn: A callable that will be called with this future as its only
            argument when the future completes or is cancelled. The callable
            will always be called by a thread in the same process in which
            it was added. If the future has already completed or been
            cancelled then the callable will be called immediately. These
            callables are called in the order that they were added.
    """
    with self._condition:
        if self._state not in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED]:
            self._done_callbacks.append(fn)
            return
    fn(self)

如果状态Future指示它被取消或完成,fn则立即在当前执行线程中调用。否则,它会添加到回调的内部列表中,以便在Future完成时运行。

例如:

>>> def func(*args):
...  time.sleep(5)
...  print("func {}".format(threading.current_thread()))
>>> def cb(a): print("cb {}".format(threading.current_thread()))
... 
>>> fut = ex.submit(func)
>>> func <Thread(Thread-1, started daemon 140084551563008)>
>>> fut = e.add_done_callback(cb)
cb <_MainThread(MainThread, started 140084622018368)>

如果一个future被一个成功的cancel调用取消,那么执行取消的线程会立即调用所有的回调:

def cancel(self):
    """Cancel the future if possible.
    Returns True if the future was cancelled, False otherwise. A future
    cannot be cancelled if it is running or has already completed.
    """
    with self._condition:
        if self._state in [RUNNING, FINISHED]:
            return False

        if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
            return True

        self._state = CANCELLED
        self._condition.notify_all()

    self._invoke_callbacks()
    return True

否则,回调由执行未来任务的线程调用。

于 2014-09-24T16:15:44.023 回答