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我正在requirements.txt为 pip 使用以下内容:

Django==1.4.3
Pillow==2.4.0
South==0.7.5
amqp==1.4.5
anyjson==0.3.3
argparse==1.2.1
billiard==3.3.0.18
boto==2.4.1
celery==3.1.12
cffi==0.8.6
cryptography==0.5.4
dj-database-url==0.2.0
django-annoying==0.7.6
django-appconf==0.6
django-articles==2.4.1
django-celery==3.1.10
django-compressor==1.3
django-debug-toolbar==1.2.1
django-jsonfield==0.9.13
django-pdb==0.4.0
django-postmark==0.1.6
django-s3-folder-storage==0.2
django-storages==1.1.4
docopt==0.6.1
facebook-sdk==0.4.0
google-api-python-client==1.2
gunicorn==0.15.0
httplib2==0.9
ipython==2.1.0
itsdangerous==0.24
kombu==3.0.20
mailchimp==2.0.8
path-and-address==0.2.0
psycopg2==2.4.5
pyOpenSSL==0.14
pycparser==2.10
pyparsing==2.0.2
python-dateutil==2.2
pytz==2013b
requests==2.3.0
six==1.8.0
sqlparse==0.1.11
tweepy==2.3.0
wsgiref==0.1.2

事情一直在工作,直到我添加

cffi==0.8.6
cryptography==0.5.4
google-api-python-client==1.2
httplib2==0.9
pyOpenSSL==0.14
pycparser==2.10
pyparsing==2.0.2

我添加它是为了使用谷歌日历 API,因为SignedJwtAssertionCredentials它依赖于pyOpenSSL.

现在,当我推送到 heroku 时,我在构建过程中遇到了似乎与sixand cffior相关的错误cyrptography

完整的构建日志在这里,但有一些相关的片段:

Fetching repository, done.

-----> Python app detected
-----> Noticed cffi. Bootstrapping libffi.
-----> Installing dependencies with pip

building '_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b' extension

       creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography

       creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat

       creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives

       creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__

       gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python2.7 -c cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.c -o /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.o

       gcc -pthread -shared /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.o -L/app/.heroku/python/lib -lpython2.7 -o /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.so

       Traceback (most recent call last):

         File "<string>", line 17, in <module>

         File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>

           "test": PyTest,

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup

           dist.run_commands()

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands

           self.run_command(cmd)

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command

           cmd_obj.run()

         File "<string>", line 15, in replacement_run

         File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 186, in find_sources

         File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 246, in run

         File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 282, in add_defaults

         File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 167, in add_defaults

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 312, in get_finalized_command

           cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized

           self.finalize_options()

         File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 26, in finalize_options

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 46, in finalize_options

           ('force', 'force'))

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 298, in set_undefined_options

           src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()

         File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized

           self.finalize_options()

         File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 88, in finalize_options

           self.distribution.ext_modules = get_ext_modules()

         File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 65, in get_ext_modules

           from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, padding

         File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py", line 25, in <module>

           from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import interfaces

         File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/interfaces.py", line 21, in <module>

           @six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)

       AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'add_metaclass'

一些谷歌搜索似乎表明这six.add_metaclass发生在 6 的早期版本中,但我使用的版本是我相信的最新版本,此外,如果我创建一个新的 virtualenv 并执行pip install -r requirements.txt(只要我已经安装),这似乎也可以在本地工作libffi无论如何sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

任何人都知道为什么这不适用于heroku以及如何解决?

编辑runtime.txt我后来发现,如果我使用with python-2.7.6(与 heroku default 相比) 将 python 版本指定为与我的本地机器完全相同的版本,则不会发生这种情况2.7.7。我现在仍然觉得这有点奇怪,这只是一个错误吗?

4

2 回答 2

0

在 Linux 和 macOS 上工作时,我也遇到了这个问题。

OP 在指定正确的 Python 版本时是正确且有用的。就我而言,我还必须更新我的requirements.txt. 在两个操作系统环境中工作会导致问题!因此,我需要学习使用虚拟环境!

于 2019-03-26T17:09:16.683 回答
0

问题出在six. 我已经看到这个问题之前通过卸载和安装来解决six。试一试,如果有效,请重新报告。

 pip uninstall six
 pip install six
于 2018-02-16T17:31:10.223 回答