I have a simple program using FreeGLUT, OpenGL, and some nice simplex noise functions from Eliot Eshelman. The goal is to display 2D slices some 3D simplex noise, which I've managed with SDL.
My problem is: I'm getting multiple definition errors that I can't seem to resolve.
I've searched around on Google and these forums for a while. I learned about quite a few things that could cause errors, BUT I can't seem to find the cause of mine. I've been stumped by these errors for many hours.
Here's my relevant sources and error outputs.
Note that there could be more bugs past the errors I'm getting, but I haven't been able to debug far enough to get to them yet.
Output:
-------------- Build: Release in OpenGL Test (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------
mingw32-g++.exe -Wall -O2 -std=c++11 -IC:\freeglut\include -c "C:\OpenGL Test\OpenGL Test\main.cpp" -o obj\Release\main.o
mingw32-g++.exe -LC:\freeglut\lib -o "bin\Release\OpenGL Test.exe" obj\Release\LUtil.o obj\Release\main.o obj\Release\simplexnoise.o -s -lmingw32 -lOpenGL32 -lglu32 -lfreeglut -mwindows
obj\Release\main.o:main.cpp:(.bss+0x0): multiple definition of `textureName'
obj\Release\LUtil.o:LUtil.cpp:(.bss+0x0): first defined here
obj\Release\main.o:main.cpp:(.bss+0x20): multiple definition of `noiseImage'
obj\Release\LUtil.o:LUtil.cpp:(.bss+0x20): first defined here
obj\Release\main.o:main.cpp:(.bss+0x12c020): multiple definition of `zOffset'
obj\Release\LUtil.o:LUtil.cpp:(.bss+0x12c020): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
0 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
LUtil.h:
/*This source code copyrighted by Lazy Foo' Productions (2004-2013)
and may not be redistributed without written permission.*/
//Version: 001
#ifndef LUTIL_H
#define LUTIL_H
#include "LOpenGL.h"
#include "simplexnoise.h"
//Screen Constants
const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 640;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480;
const int SCREEN_FPS = 60;
float zOffset = 0;
float noiseImage[640][480];
GLuint textureName;
bool initGL();
/*
Pre Condition:
-A valid OpenGL context
Post Condition:
-Initializes matrices and clear color
-Reports to console if there was an OpenGL error
-Returns false if there was an error in initialization
Side Effects:
-Projection matrix is set to identity matrix
-Modelview matrix is set to identity matrix
-Matrix mode is set to modelview
-Clear color is set to black
*/
void update();
/*
Pre Condition:
-None
Post Condition:
-Does per frame logic
Side Effects:
-None
*/
void render();
/*
Pre Condition:
-A valid OpenGL context
-Active modelview matrix
Post Condition:
-Renders the scene
Side Effects:
-Clears the color buffer
-Swaps the front/back buffer
*/
#endif
LUtil.cpp:
/*This source code copyrighted by Lazy Foo' Productions (2004-2013)
and may not be redistributed without written permission.*/
//Version: 001
#include "LUtil.h"
bool initGL()
{
//Initialize Projection Matrix
glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION );
glLoadIdentity();
//Initialize Modelview Matrix
glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
glLoadIdentity();
//Initialize clear color
glClearColor( 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f );
//Check for error
GLenum error = glGetError();
if( error != GL_NO_ERROR )
{
printf( "Error initializing OpenGL! %s\n", gluErrorString( error ) );
return false;
}
glGenTextures(1, &textureName);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureName);
return true;
}
void update()
{
for(int y = 0; y < SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++)
{
for(int x = 0; x < SCREEN_WIDTH; x++)
{
noiseImage[x][y] = raw_noise_3d(x, y, zOffset);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, 0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, &noiseImage[0][0]);
}
}
}
void render()
{
//Clear color buffer
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glColor4f(1, 0.5f, 0, 1);
//Render quad
glBegin( GL_QUADS );
glTexCoord2f( -1.f, -1.f );
glTexCoord2f( -1.f, 1.f );
glTexCoord2f( 1.f, -0.f );
glTexCoord2f( 1.f, 1.f );
glEnd();
//Update screen
glutSwapBuffers();
}
main.cpp:
/*This source code copyrighted by Lazy Foo' Productions (2004-2013)
and may not be redistributed without written permission.*/
//Version: 001
#include "LUtil.h"
void runMainLoop( int val );
/*
Pre Condition:
-Initialized freeGLUT
Post Condition:
-Calls the main loop functions and sets itself to be called back in 1000 / SCREEN_FPS milliseconds
Side Effects:
-Sets glutTimerFunc
*/
int main( int argc, char* args[] )
{
//Initialize FreeGLUT
glutInit( &argc, args );
//Create OpenGL 2.1 context
glutInitContextVersion( 4, 4 );
//Create Double Buffered Window
glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_DOUBLE );
glutInitWindowSize( SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT );
glutCreateWindow( "OpenGL" );
//Do post window/context creation initialization
if( !initGL() )
{
printf( "Unable to initialize graphics library!\n" );
return 1;
}
//Set rendering function
glutDisplayFunc( render );
//Set main loop
glutTimerFunc( 1000 / SCREEN_FPS, runMainLoop, 0 );
//Start GLUT main loop
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
void runMainLoop( int val )
{
//Frame logic
update();
render();
//Run frame one more time
glutTimerFunc( 1000 / SCREEN_FPS, runMainLoop, val );
}
As far as I can tell, there are no multiple definitions, but I could be wrong. Once again, I'm sorry if I'm "That guy" with this question.