python - 在 pprint 输出中禁用排序机制

Question

我有一个大字典，我正在打印它以使用漂亮打印查看，但是我如何保持格式化但杀死 pprint 中的排序机制？

Answer 1

Python 3.8 或更新版本：

使用sort_dicts=False：

pprint.pprint(data, sort_dicts=False)

Python 3.7 或更早版本：

您可以猴子修补pprint 模块。

import pprint

pprint.pprint({"def":2,"ghi":3,"abc":1,})
pprint._sorted = lambda x:x
# Or, for Python 3.7:
# pprint.sorted = lambda x, key=None: x
pprint.pprint({"def":2,"ghi":3, "abc":1})

由于第二个输出基本上是随机排序的，因此您的输出可能与我的不同：

{'abc': 1, 'def': 2, 'ghi': 3}
{'abc': 1, 'ghi': 3, 'def': 2}

---

另一个更复杂但更易于使用的版本：

import pprint
import contextlib

@contextlib.contextmanager
def pprint_nosort():
    # Note: the pprint implementation changed somewhere
    # between 2.7.12 and 3.7.0. This is the danger of
    # monkeypatching!
    try:
        # Old pprint
        orig,pprint._sorted = pprint._sorted, lambda x:x
    except AttributeError:
        # New pprint
        import builtins
        orig,pprint.sorted = None, lambda x, key=None:x

    try:
        yield
    finally:
        if orig:
            pprint._sorted = orig
        else:
            del pprint.sorted

# For times when you don't want sorted output
with pprint_nosort():
    pprint.pprint({"def":2,"ghi":3, "abc":1})

# For times when you do want sorted output
pprint.pprint({"def":2,"ghi":3, "abc":1})

Answer 2

从 Python 3.8 开始，您终于可以使用sort_dicts=False. 请注意，字典从 Python 3.7 开始是插入排序的（实际上，甚至从 3.6 开始）。

import pprint

data = {'not': 'sorted', 'awesome': 'dict', 'z': 3, 'y': 2, 'x': 1}
pprint.pprint(data, sort_dicts=False)
# prints {'not': 'sorted', 'awesome': 'dict', 'z': 3, 'y': 2, 'x': 1}

或者，创建一个漂亮的打印机对象：

pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(sort_dicts=False)
pp.pprint(data)

这不会影响集合（仍然是排序的），但是集合没有插入顺序保证。

Answer 3

您可以子类PrettyPrinter化并删除sorted(object.items())from _pprint_dict。

注意：此代码是 Python 3.5+

# unsorted_pprint.py

from pprint import PrettyPrinter, _builtin_scalars, _recursion

__all__ = [
    'UnsortedPrettyPrinter',
    'pprint2',
    'pformat2',
]


class UnsortedPrettyPrinter(PrettyPrinter):
    """Pretty printer that retains original dict ordering
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__()

        self._dispatch = {
            **self._dispatch,
            dict.__repr__: self._pprint_dict,
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _pprint_dict(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
        write = stream.write
        write('{')
        if self._indent_per_level > 1:
            write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
        length = len(object)
        if length:
            items = object.items()
            self._format_dict_items(items, stream, indent, allowance + 1,
                                    context, level)
        write('}')

    def format(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
        """Format object for a specific context, returning a string
        and flags indicating whether the representation is 'readable'
        and whether the object represents a recursive construct.
        """
        return self._safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level)

    def _safe_repr(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
        typ = type(object)
        if typ in _builtin_scalars:
            return repr(object), True, False

        r = getattr(typ, "__repr__", None)
        if issubclass(typ, dict) and r is dict.__repr__:
            if not object:
                return "{}", True, False
            objid = id(object)
            if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
                return "{...}", False, objid in context
            if objid in context:
                return _recursion(object), False, True
            context[objid] = 1
            readable = True
            recursive = False
            components = []
            append = components.append
            level += 1
            saferepr = self._safe_repr
            items = object.items()
            for k, v in items:
                krepr, kreadable, krecur = saferepr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
                vrepr, vreadable, vrecur = saferepr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
                append("%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr))
                readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
                if krecur or vrecur:
                    recursive = True
            del context[objid]
            return "{%s}" % ", ".join(components), readable, recursive

        if (issubclass(typ, list) and r is list.__repr__) or \
            (issubclass(typ, tuple) and r is tuple.__repr__):
            if issubclass(typ, list):
                if not object:
                    return "[]", True, False
                format = "[%s]"
            elif len(object) == 1:
                format = "(%s,)"
            else:
                if not object:
                    return "()", True, False
                format = "(%s)"
            objid = id(object)
            if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
                return format % "...", False, objid in context
            if objid in context:
                return _recursion(object), False, True
            context[objid] = 1
            readable = True
            recursive = False
            components = []
            append = components.append
            level += 1
            for o in object:
                orepr, oreadable, orecur = self._safe_repr(o, context, maxlevels, level)
                append(orepr)
                if not oreadable:
                    readable = False
                if orecur:
                    recursive = True
            del context[objid]
            return format % ", ".join(components), readable, recursive

        rep = repr(object)
        return rep, (rep and not rep.startswith('<')), False


def pprint2(object, stream=None, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *,
           compact=False):
    """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.stdout].

    dict items are left unsorted.
    """
    printer = UnsortedPrettyPrinter(
        stream=stream,
        indent=indent,
        width=width,
        depth=depth,
        compact=compact,
    )
    printer.pprint(object)


def pformat2(object, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, *, compact=False):
    """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.

    dict items are left unsorted.
    """
    return UnsortedPrettyPrinter(
        indent=indent,
        width=width,
        depth=depth,
        compact=compact,
    ).pformat(object)

Answer 4

我知道我在这里有点晚了，但我禁用排序字典的首选方法是使用partial：

from functools import partial
from pprint import pprint

pprint = partial(pprint, sort_dicts=False)

我个人喜欢这种方式，因为它引入了最小的差异。

它具有猴子补丁的好处，因为您只需在一个地方进行更改（与其他选项不同），而不必弄乱pprint.

我正在使用 py3.8 但这应该sort_dicts在添加选项时起作用。