36

命令git log -p,git show和是如何git diff相关的，为什么要使用一个而不是另一个？

给定一个包含以下 4 个提交的仓库：

commitd - 最后一次提交
commitc
commitb
coomita - 初始提交

以下 git 命令有什么区别？：

git log -p commitb commitd  
git show commitb commitd  
git diff commitb commitd  

git log -p commitd commitb  
git show commitd commitb  
git diff commitd commitb  

git log -p commitb..commitd  
git show commitb..commitd  
git diff commitb..commitd

git log -p commitd..commitb  
git show commitd..commitb  
git diff commitd..commitb

git log -p commitb...commitd  
git show commitb...commitd  
git diff commitb...commitd

git log -p commitd...commitb  
git show commitd...commitb  
git diff commitd...commitb
4

1 回答 1

46

git log A B显示提交的历史A和B（基本上生成每个提交历史的联合集）。通常你想要git log A..B，它也可以写成git log ^B A（显示从 A 到达的所有东西，但不是从 B 到达的( ^)）。这个范围也可以是空的（例如B..A可以是空的，因为每个可到达的提交B也可以从 到达A）。git log因此，当与“错误”参数一起使用时，您也不会得到任何输出。

git show是一个非常通用的命令，并根据其参数产生不同的输出。您可以传递一个或多个提交，它会显示提交信息（作者身份、时间戳、提交消息、与先前提交的差异）。诸如a..d将被解析的提交范围，并且每个提交都单独显示。您还可以传递路径并git show显示文件的内容。您还可以使用语法指定某个版本的文件commit:path/to/file。如果您传递一个目录，git show将显示更改该目录的最后一次提交的提交信息。

git diff通常期望两棵树或两个文件进行比较。（它也可以不带参数，而是比较索引/暂存区域）。提交会自动展开到其相应的树中（树对象描述存储库的某种状态）。语法A..B被静默解析为差异案例，并将显示从提交/树到A B所需的更改AB

范围A...B意味着“从 A 或 B 可到达的每个提交，但不能从两者都到达”。

  • 当与git log它一起使用时，它将向您显示这些提交，并且它主要仅在与分歧分支一起使用时才有意义，即“显示两者之间的每一个不同之处，但隐藏两个分支共有的那些提交”。
  • 因为git diff这种语法是语法糖git diff $(git merge-base A B) B，即“B自历史以来的变化A发散。
  • 您将只需git show获取该范围内每个提交的提交信息。

如果还有什么不清楚的地方，请在评论中告诉我。

这是您在原始问题中发布的存储库的输出：

$ git init
 Initialized empty Git repository in ...
$  cd SO
$ ls
$ echo a > a
$ git add a
$ git commit
[master (root-commit) 7b66fe5] initial commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 a
$ git tag a
$ echo b >> a
$ echo b > b
$ git add a b
$ git commit
[master ee884fe] commit b
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 b
$ git tag b
$ echo c >> a
$ echo c >> b
$ echo c > c
$ git add a b c
$ git commit
[master 8abaaff] commit c
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 c
$ git tag c
$ echo d >> a
$ echo d > b
$ git add a b
$ git commit
[master 08adc85] commit d
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
$ git tag d
$ git log -p b d --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c

commit ee884fea5d0266280845348175ac0af5083a9bbf
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:05 2014 +0200

    commit b

diff --git a/a b/a
index 7898192..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 a
+b
diff --git a/b b/b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6178079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/b
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b

commit 7b66fe5999039c53ffbe5a5ffe07c13a5c213455
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:20:39 2014 +0200

    initial commit

diff --git a/a b/a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7898192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/a
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a
$ git show b d --
commit ee884fea5d0266280845348175ac0af5083a9bbf
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:05 2014 +0200

    commit b

diff --git a/a b/a
index 7898192..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 a
+b
diff --git a/b b/b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6178079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/b
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b

commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d
$ git diff b d --
diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
+c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b
+d
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git log -p d b --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c

commit ee884fea5d0266280845348175ac0af5083a9bbf
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:05 2014 +0200

    commit b

diff --git a/a b/a
index 7898192..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 a
+b
diff --git a/b b/b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6178079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/b
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b

commit 7b66fe5999039c53ffbe5a5ffe07c13a5c213455
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:20:39 2014 +0200

    initial commit

diff --git a/a b/a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7898192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/a
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a
$ git show d b --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit ee884fea5d0266280845348175ac0af5083a9bbf
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:05 2014 +0200

    commit b

diff --git a/a b/a
index 7898192..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 a
+b
diff --git a/b b/b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6178079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/b
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b
$ git diff d b --
diff --git a/a b/a
index d68dd40..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 a
 b
-c
-d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 4bcfe98..6178079 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1 @@
-d
+b
diff --git a/c b/c
deleted file mode 100644
index f2ad6c7..0000000
--- a/c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-c
$ git log -p b..d --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git show b..d --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git diff b..d --
diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
+c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b
+d
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git log -p d..b --
$ git show d..b --
$ git diff d..b --
diff --git a/a b/a
index d68dd40..422c2b7 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 a
 b
-c
-d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 4bcfe98..6178079 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1 @@
-d
+b
diff --git a/c b/c
deleted file mode 100644
index f2ad6c7..0000000
--- a/c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-c
$ git log -p b...d --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git show b...d --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git diff b...d --
diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
+c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b
+d
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git log -p d...b --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git show d...b --
commit 08adc8512e63588e6f01533b2a0f762342521b05
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:22:06 2014 +0200

    commit d

diff --git a/a b/a
index de98044..d68dd40 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 a
 b
 c
+d
diff --git a/b b/b
index 9ddeb5c..4bcfe98 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-b
-c
+d

commit 8abaaff681be0bcaa16c946feb2989959348c9f4
Author: ...
Date:   Mon Sep 1 17:21:40 2014 +0200

    commit c

diff --git a/a b/a
index 422c2b7..de98044 100644
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 a
 b
+c
diff --git a/b b/b
index 6178079..9ddeb5c 100644
--- a/b
+++ b/b
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 b
+c
diff --git a/c b/c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ad6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c
$ git diff d...b --
$
于 2014-09-01T15:48:16.050 回答