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我使用以下命令设置了一个新的 Git 存储库:

mkdir plans-for-world-domination
cd plans-for-world-domination
git init
echo "MWA HA HA HA HA!" > plans.txt
git add .
git commit -m "Beginning my plans..."

然后我克隆了这个存储库,进行了一些更改,提交了它们,然后尝试推送:

cd ..
git clone plans-for-world-domination clone
cd clone
echo "Step 1: set up super secret spy base in Cleveland, Ohio" >> plans.txt
git commit -am "Update plans"
git push origin master

但是,当我cd回到plans-for-world-domination存储库时,暂存区域/索引中暂存的更改与我刚刚推送的更改相反:

$ cd ../plans-for-world-domination
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

        modified:   plans.txt

$ git diff --staged
diff --git a/plans.txt b/plans.txt
index febb495..ce01362 100644
--- a/hello.txt
+++ b/hello.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 MWA HA HA HA HA!
-Step 1: set up super secret spy base in Cleveland, Ohio

为什么我的第一个 repo 有这些与我刚刚推送的相反的未分级更改,我该如何解决这个问题?

4

1 回答 1

8

推送不会更新非裸存储库中的工作副本和暂存区域

第一个存储库中的暂存区域似乎包含刚刚推送的更改的相反内容,因为它是一个非裸存储库,这意味着它包含一个工作副本,在吉特文档。另一方面,裸存储库没有工作副本目录。

由于存储库是非裸存储库,因此当您推送到它时,推送只会更新分支引用和符号HEAD引用,因为git push不会对非裸存储库中存在的工作副本和暂存区域进行操作。

因此,非裸 repo 的工作副本和暂存区域仍然保留在更新之前HEAD存在的存储库的相同状态。换句话说,工作副本和暂存区的实际状态与 指向的提交状态不匹配 HEAD。这就是为什么两种状态之间的差异会在运行时git statusgit diff运行时出现的原因:

$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

        modified:   plans.txt

$ git diff --staged
diff --git a/plans.txt b/plans.txt
index febb495..ce01362 100644
--- a/hello.txt
+++ b/hello.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 MWA HA HA HA HA!
-Step 1: set up super secret spy base in Cleveland, Ohio

(次优)解决方案:硬重置

由于工作副本和暂存区域与 不同步HEAD,因此让它们再次匹配的解决方案是简单地使用

git reset --hard HEAD
git reset --hard

将 working-coy 和 staging-area 重置为HEAD.

但是,这不是理想的解决方案...

理想的解决方案:改为推送到裸存储库

您实际上不应该推送到非裸存储库,因为它们的工作副本和暂存区域与存储库引用不同步的确切问题。相反,除非您有不寻常的理由推送到非裸存储库,否则您确实应该推送到没有工作副本的裸存储库。

要创建一个裸存储库,只需使用以下--bare标志:

# Initialize a bare repo
mkdir bare
cd bare
git init --bare

# Push changes to the bare repo
cd ..
mkdir project
cd project
# Make some changes and commit
git remote add origin ../bare
git push origin master

# Or create a bare clone from another bare or non-bare repo
git clone --bare <repo-path-or-uri>

自 Git 1.6.2 以来,默认拒绝推送到非裸存储库

请注意,从 Git 版本 1.6.2开始,默认情况下拒绝推送到非裸存储库:

在下一个主要版本中,git push默认情况下将拒绝进入当前已签出的分支。receive.denyCurrentBranch您可以通过在接收存储库中设置配置变量来选择在此类推送时应该发生什么。

实际上,当您尝试使用当前版本的 Git 推送到非裸存储库时,您的推送应该被拒绝并显示以下错误消息(为简洁起见稍作修改):

$ git push origin master
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master
error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository
error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent
error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match
error: the work tree to HEAD.
error:
error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to
error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into
error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you
error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some
error: other way.
error:
error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set
error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.
To non-bare
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)
error: failed to push some refs to 'non-bare'

正如上面的错误消息所解释的,您可以通过禁用远程非裸仓库receive.denyCurrentBranch中的配置设置来禁用阻止您进入非裸仓库的安全检查:

git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn   # Warn when pushing to non-bare repo
git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore # Don't even bother warning
于 2014-07-31T04:19:06.580 回答