我已经问过一个类似的问题，“PE Header requirements”，但我对它的答案并不满意。
我正在用 Java SE 1.6 构建一个汇编器/链接器。我已经阅读了大约 5 个关于 PE/COFF 标头和文件格式的不同文档/规范，但我遇到了一个问题：
我生成的文件无效，Windows 说：“X 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。” 我不知道可能出了什么问题；我仔细检查了 PE Header 和 PE Optional Header 中的每个条目，一切似乎都是正确的。
我有三个部分：
code（RVA0x1000，文件0x400）data（RVA0x2000，文件0x600）import（RVA0x3000，文件0x800）
我的入口点值在0x1000（的开头code），我的图像库是0x400000. 节对齐是0x1000，文件对齐是0x200.
请参阅此问题的修订版以查看整个文件。
所以：我抓取了一个有效的 PE 文件（一个简单的“Hello World”消息框应用程序），并开始使用十六进制编辑器 (HxD) 对其进行修改。我收到了很多不同的错误消息，而不是“X 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。”：
我知道我的code内容不是“有效”代码，但我已经对其进行了测试：无效代码会导致应用程序崩溃错误。
如果“Hello World”PE 文件中的 import-section 内容无效，它会给我错误“Procedure point cannot be found in [...]”，或“Application has failed to start because [..] dll is未找到。”，或应用程序崩溃。这些错误都非常有用；他们都给了我一些线索，知道出了什么问题。
但是我的 PE 文件出现错误“X 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。”让我发疯：我的 PE 文件有什么问题？
垃圾箱输出：
E:\Documenten\CP Language\compiler\Win32Builder>dumpbin /ALL test.exe
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 10.00.21003.01
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Dump of file test.exe
PE signature found
File Type: EXECUTABLE IMAGE
FILE HEADER VALUES
14C machine (x86)
3 number of sections
32EB4BF5 time date stamp Sun Jan 26 13:20:05 1997
0 file pointer to symbol table
0 number of symbols
E0 size of optional header
703 characteristics
Relocations stripped
Executable
32 bit word machine
Debug information stripped
CD - run from swapfile
OPTIONAL HEADER VALUES
10B magic # (PE32)
8.00 linker version
1000 size of code
1000 size of initialized data
0 size of uninitialized data
1000 entry point (00401000)
1000 base of code
2000 base of data
400000 image base (00400000 to 0040088F)
1000 section alignment
200 file alignment
4.00 operating system version
13.37 image version
4.00 subsystem version
0 Win32 version
890 size of image
400 size of headers
0 checksum
2 subsystem (Windows GUI)
0 DLL characteristics
40000 size of stack reserve
11000 size of stack commit
100000 size of heap reserve
1000 size of heap commit
0 loader flags
10 number of directories
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Export Directory
3000 [ 1000] RVA [size] of Import Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Resource Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Exception Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Certificates Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Base Relocation Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Debug Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Architecture Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Global Pointer Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Thread Storage Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Load Configuration Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Bound Import Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Import Address Table Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Delay Import Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of COM Descriptor Directory
0 [ 0] RVA [size] of Reserved Directory
SECTION HEADER #1
.code name
1000 virtual size
1000 virtual address (00401000 to 00401FFF)
23 size of raw data
400 file pointer to raw data (00000400 to 00000422)
0 file pointer to relocation table
0 file pointer to line numbers
0 number of relocations
0 number of line numbers
60000020 flags
Code
Execute Read
RAW DATA #1
00401000: 68 00 00 00 00 68 0D 20 40 00 68 00 20 40 00 68 h....h. @.h. @.h
00401010: 00 00 00 00 E8 64 30 40 00 68 00 00 00 00 E8 6C ....èd0@.h....èl
00401020: 30 40 00 0@.
SECTION HEADER #2
.data name
1000 virtual size
2000 virtual address (00402000 to 00402FFF)
23 size of raw data
600 file pointer to raw data (00000600 to 00000622)
0 file pointer to relocation table
0 file pointer to line numbers
0 number of relocations
0 number of line numbers
C0000040 flags
Initialized Data
Read Write
RAW DATA #2
00402000: 48 65 6C 6C 6F 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 00 48 65 6C Hello World!.Hel
00402010: 6C 6F 20 53 74 61 63 6B 20 4F 76 65 72 66 6C 6F lo Stack Overflo
00402020: 77 21 00 w!.
SECTION HEADER #3
.import name
1000 virtual size
3000 virtual address (00403000 to 00403FFF)
90 size of raw data
800 file pointer to raw data (00000800 to 0000088F)
0 file pointer to relocation table
0 file pointer to line numbers
0 number of relocations
0 number of line numbers
50000040 flags
Initialized Data
Shared
Read Only
RAW DATA #3
00403000: 54 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3C 30 00 00 T0..........<0..
00403010: 64 30 00 00 5C 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d0..\0..........
00403020: 47 30 00 00 6C 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 G0..l0..........
00403030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 75 73 65 72 ............user
00403040: 33 32 2E 64 6C 6C 00 6B 65 72 6E 65 6C 33 32 2E 32.dll.kernel32.
00403050: 64 6C 6C 00 74 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 30 00 00 dll.t0.......0..
00403060: 00 00 00 00 74 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 30 00 00 ....t0.......0..
00403070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 4D 65 73 73 61 67 65 42 6F 78 ......MessageBox
00403080: 41 00 00 00 45 78 69 74 50 72 6F 63 65 73 73 00 A...ExitProcess.
Section contains the following imports:
user32.dll
403064 Import Address Table
403054 Import Name Table
0 time date stamp
0 Index of first forwarder reference
0 MessageBoxA
kernel32.dll
40306C Import Address Table
40305C Import Name Table
0 time date stamp
0 Index of first forwarder reference
0 ExitProcess
Summary
1000 .code
1000 .data
1000 .import