9

我正在尝试创建一个辅助方法,该方法将消除对这样的代码的需要:

void foo() throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB, DefaultException {
  try {
     doSomething(); // that throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB or others
  } catch (Exception e) {
    if (e instanceof ExceptionA)
        throw new ExceptionA("extra message", e);
    if (e instanceof ExceptionB)
        throw new ExceptionB("extra message", e);

    throw new DefaultException("extra message", e);
  }
}

问题是我需要同时在函数声明和函数体中维护 throws 列表。我正在寻找如何避免这种情况并充分更改 throws 列表,并且我的代码看起来像:

void foo() throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB, DefaultException {
  try {
     doSomething(); // that throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB or others
  } catch (Exception e) {
    rethrow(DefaultException.class, "extra message", e);
  }
}

哪里 rethrow 方法足够聪明,可以从方法声明中识别 throws 列表。

这样,当我更改我的方法在 throws 列表中传播的类型列表时,我不需要更改正文。

以下是可以解决问题的功能。问题是因为它不知道它会抛出什么类型的异常,它的 throws 声明必须说 Exception,但如果它这样做了,那么将要使用它的方法也需要指定它,整个想法使用 throws 列表会下地狱。

有什么建议可以解决吗?

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void rethrow(Class<?> defaultException, String message, Exception e) throws Exception
{
  final StackTraceElement[] ste = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();

  final StackTraceElement element = ste[ste.length - 1 - 1];

  Method method = null;

  try {
     method = getMethod(element);
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignore) {
     // ignore the Class not found exception - just make sure the method is null
     method = null;
  }

  boolean preserveType = true;

  if (method != null) {

     // if we obtained the method successfully - preserve the type 
     // only if it is in the list of the thrown exceptions
     preserveType = false;

     final Class<?> exceptions[] = method.getExceptionTypes();

     for (Class<?> cls : exceptions) {
        if (cls.isInstance(e)) {
           preserveType = true;
           break;
        }
     }
  }

  if (preserveType)
  {
     // it is throws exception - preserve the type
     Constructor<Exception> constructor;
     Exception newEx = null;
     try {
        constructor = ((Constructor<Exception>) e.getClass().getConstructor());
        newEx = constructor.newInstance(message, e);
     } catch (Exception ignore) {
        // ignore this exception we prefer to throw the original
        newEx = null;
     }

     if (newEx != null)
        throw newEx;
  }

  // if we get here this means we do not want, or we cannot preserve the type
  // just rethrow it with the default type

  Constructor<Exception> constructor;
  Exception newEx = null;

  if (defaultException != null) {
     try {
        constructor = (Constructor<Exception>) defaultException.getConstructor();
        newEx = constructor.newInstance(message, e);
     } catch (Exception ignore) {
        // ignore this exception we prefer to throw the original
        newEx = null;
     }

     if (newEx != null)
        throw newEx;
  }

  // if we get here we were unable to construct the default exception
  // there lets log the message that we are going to lose and rethrow
  // the original exception

  log.warn("this message was not propagated as part of the exception: \"" + message + "\"");
  throw e;
}

更新 1:我可以RuntimeException用来避免需要 throws 声明,但在这种情况下,我失去了异常的类型,这是最重要的一点之一。

想法我如何解决这个问题?

4

2 回答 2

7

我猜你正在做实际工作的代码(即你没有修补异常的部分)看起来像这样。

public void doSomeWork( ... ) throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB, DefaultException
{
    try
    {
        // some code that could throw ExceptionA
        ...
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionA
        ...
        // some code that could throw ExceptionB
        ...
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionB
    }
    catch (Exception e) 
    {
        if( e instanceof ExceptionA )
        {
            throw new ExceptionA("extra message", e);
        }
        if( e instanceof ExceptionB )
        {
            throw new ExceptionB("extra message", e);
        }

        throw new DefaultException("extra message", e);
     }
}

有两种更好的方法

第一种方法

public void doSomeWork( ... ) throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB, DefaultException
{
    // some code that could throw ExceptionA
    ...
    try
    {
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionA
        ...
    }
    catch (Exception e) 
    {
        throw new DefaultException("extra message", e);
    }
    // some code that could throw ExceptionB
    ...
    try
    {
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionB
    }
    catch (Exception e) 
    {
        throw new DefaultException("extra message", e);
    }
}

第二种方法

public void doSomeWork( ... ) throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB, DefaultException
{
    try
    {
        // some code that could throw ExceptionA
        ...
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionA
        ...
        // some code that could throw ExceptionB
        ...
        // some code that could throw OtherExceptionB
    }
    catch (OtherExceptionA | OtherExceptionB e) 
    {
        throw new DefaultException("extra message", e);
    }
}

如果您想不惜一切代价继续执行并在遇到它们时捕获并包装 s,则第一种方法很好。RuntimeException通常你不想这样做,最好让它们向上传播,因为你可能无法处理它们。

第二种方法通常是最好的。在这里,您明确指出您可以处理哪些异常,并通过包装它们来处理它们。Unexpected RuntimeExceptions 会向上传播,除非您有某种处理方式,否则它们应该会向上传播。

只是一般性评论:玩StackTraceElements 并不是一个好主意。您最终可能会得到一个空数组Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()(尽管如果使用现代 Oracle JVM,您很可能不会),并且调用方法的深度并不总是length-2如此,length-1尤其是在旧版本的 Oracle JVM 中。

您可以在此问题中阅读有关此问题的更多信息。

于 2014-07-11T00:19:51.490 回答
0

详细说明)某些人告诉你的是什么,这是 MyFunctionFailedException,当然它应该被命名为更明智的名称:

public class MyFunctionFailedException extends Exception {
    public MyFunctionFailedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}

然后你的 catch 块就变成了这样。

try {
...
} catch (Exception e) {
    throw new MyFunctionFailedException("extra message", e);
}

如果你真的想重新抛出一个较低级别的异常,你应该使用多个 catch 块。请注意,并非所有类型的异常都必须具有让您添加原因的构造函数。而且您真的应该考虑为什么您的方法让例如未捕获的 SQLException 在调用堆栈中冒泡是有意义的。

于 2014-07-11T00:56:46.537 回答