解决方案
这是仅将单词黄色着色的直接答案。
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
这是为所有颜色终端名称着色的解决方案。它们仅在终端（不是 GUI）中着色，其他属性（256 色终端、GUI 颜色、粗体等属性）根本不突出显示。为了进一步扩展这一点，您可能需要某种脚本来迭代所有可能的值。
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorBlack,vimHiCtermColorBlue,vimHiCtermColorBrown,vimHiCtermColorCyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue,vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkgray,vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen,vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey,vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta,vimHiCtermColorDarkred,vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow,vimHiCtermColorGray,vimHiCtermColorGreen,vimHiCtermColorGrey,vimHiCtermColorLightblue,vimHiCtermColorLightcyan,vimHiCtermColorLightgray,vimHiCtermColorLightgreen,vimHiCtermColorLightgrey,vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta,vimHiCtermColorLightred,vimHiCtermColorMagenta,vimHiCtermColorRed,vimHiCtermColorWhite,vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlack black contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlue blue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBrown brown contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorCyan cyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue darkBlue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan darkcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgray darkgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen darkgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey darkgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta darkmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkred darkred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow darkyellow contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGray gray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGreen green contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGrey grey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightblue lightblue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightcyan lightcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgray lightgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgreen lightgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgrey lightgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta lightmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightred lightred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorMagenta magenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorRed red contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorWhite white contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlack ctermfg=black
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlue ctermfg=blue
highlight vimHiCtermColorBrown ctermfg=brown
highlight vimHiCtermColorCyan ctermfg=cyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue ctermfg=darkBlue
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan ctermfg=darkcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgray ctermfg=darkgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen ctermfg=darkgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey ctermfg=darkgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta ctermfg=darkmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkred ctermfg=darkred
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow ctermfg=darkyellow
highlight vimHiCtermColorGray ctermfg=gray
highlight vimHiCtermColorGreen ctermfg=green
highlight vimHiCtermColorGrey ctermfg=grey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightblue ctermfg=lightblue
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightcyan ctermfg=lightcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgray ctermfg=lightgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgreen ctermfg=lightgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgrey ctermfg=lightgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta ctermfg=lightmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightred ctermfg=lightred
highlight vimHiCtermColorMagenta ctermfg=magenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorRed ctermfg=red
highlight vimHiCtermColorWhite ctermfg=white
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
解释
如果你查看colors/vim.vim并搜索cterm，你会看到一行
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
这表示，当遇到ctermfg=orctermbg=时，将下一个单词突出显示为vimNumber、vimHiCtermColor、vimFgBgAttrib或vimHiCtermError。看vimHiCtermColor（上面几行），我们看到
syn keyword vimHiCtermColor contained black blue brown cyan darkBlue darkcyan darkgray darkgreen darkgrey darkmagenta darkred darkyellow gray green grey lightblue lightcyan lightgray lightgreen lightgrey lightmagenta lightred magenta red white yellow
这列出了所有颜色终端名称，并且它们作为具有相同语法组的关键字突出显示。因此，我们可以单独突出显示它们，而不是一起突出显示它们。上面第一个解决方案的四行描述了步骤：
- 创建一个新集群，
@vimHiCtermColors其中包含步骤 2 中的每个组。
- 为每个颜色值添加一个新关键字。
- 修改
vimHiCtermFgBg定义以使用@vimHiCtermColors而不是vimHiCtermColor.
- 根据需要突出显示每个关键字。
您尝试的方法不起作用的原因是双重的。首先，在 中指定的语法组nextgroup优于一般组（yellow特别是您的组）。但是，你可能会说，“那containedin=ALL呢？” 这是第二点。关键字是单独的单元，不能包含其他任何内容。原始vimHiCtermColor组是所有关键字，因此您containedin=ALL无法覆盖它。如果vimHiCtermColor是匹配而不是关键字，它可能会起作用。