453

Collectors.toMapNullPointerException如果其中一个值是 ,则抛出 a null。我不明白这种行为,地图可以包含空指针作为值而没有任何问题。值不能为空是否有充分的理由Collectors.toMap

另外,有没有一种很好的 Java 8 方法来解决这个问题,或者我应该恢复到普通的旧 for 循环?

我的问题的一个例子:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;


class Answer {
    private int id;

    private Boolean answer;

    Answer() {
    }

    Answer(int id, Boolean answer) {
        this.id = id;
        this.answer = answer;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Boolean getAnswer() {
        return answer;
    }

    public void setAnswer(Boolean answer) {
        this.answer = answer;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Answer> answerList = new ArrayList<>();

        answerList.add(new Answer(1, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(2, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(3, null));

        Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));
    }
}

堆栈跟踪:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$168(Collectors.java:1320)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/1528902577.accept(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
    at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
    at Main.main(Main.java:48)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

这个问题在 Java 11 中仍然存在。

4

12 回答 12

424

您可以使用以下方法解决OpenJDK 中的这个已知错误:

Map<Integer, Boolean> collect = list.stream()
        .collect(HashMap::new, (m,v)->m.put(v.getId(), v.getAnswer()), HashMap::putAll);

它不是那么漂亮,但它确实有效。结果:

1: true
2: true
3: null

教程对我帮助最大。)

编辑:

Collectors.toMap@mmdemirbas 在评论中指出的那样,如果您多次拥有相同的键,这将默默地替换值。如果您不想要这个,请查看评论中的链接。

于 2014-07-08T14:09:22.827 回答
197

使用静态方法是不可能的Collectors。javadoc 的toMap解释toMap是基于Map.merge

@param mergeFunction 一个合并函数,用于解决与同一键关联的值之间的冲突,如提供给Map#merge(Object, Object, BiFunction)}

和 javadocMap.merge说:

@throws NullPointerException 如果指定的键为空并且此映射不支持空键或或 remappingFunction

forEach您可以通过使用列表的方法来避免 for 循环。

Map<Integer,  Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
answerList.forEach((answer) -> answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer()));

但它并不比旧方法简单:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Answer answer : answerList) {
    answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer());
}
于 2014-07-08T12:37:37.050 回答
31

我写了一个,与默认的 java 不同,当你有值Collector时不会崩溃:null

public static <T, K, U>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
            Collectors.toList(),
            list -> {
                Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
                for (T item : list) {
                    K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                    if (result.putIfAbsent(key, valueMapper.apply(item)) != null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Duplicate key %s", key));
                    }
                }
                return result;
            });
}

只需将您的Collectors.toMap()调用替换为对该函数的调用,它就会解决问题。

于 2015-09-18T09:21:46.590 回答
11

这里的收集器比@EmmanuelTouzery 提出的要简单一些。如果您喜欢,请使用它:

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapNullFriendly(
        Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
        Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    U none = (U) new Object();
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
            Collectors.<T, K, U> toMap(keyMapper,
                    valueMapper.andThen(v -> v == null ? none : v)), map -> {
                map.replaceAll((k, v) -> v == none ? null : v);
                return map;
            });
}

我们只是null用一些自定义对象替换none并在完成器中执行相反的操作。

于 2015-09-18T09:52:16.790 回答
11

是的,我的回答迟了,但我认为这可能有助于理解幕后发生的事情,以防有人想要编写其他Collector逻辑。

我试图通过编写一种更原生、更直接的方法来解决这个问题。我认为它尽可能直接:

public class LambdaUtilities {

  /**
   * In contrast to {@link Collectors#toMap(Function, Function)} the result map
   * may have null values.
   */
  public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>> Collector<T, M, M> toMapWithNullValues(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return toMapWithNullValues(keyMapper, valueMapper, HashMap::new);
  }

  /**
   * In contrast to {@link Collectors#toMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator, Supplier)}
   * the result map may have null values.
   */
  public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>> Collector<T, M, M> toMapWithNullValues(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, Supplier<Map<K, U>> supplier) {
    return new Collector<T, M, M>() {

      @Override
      public Supplier<M> supplier() {
        return () -> {
          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
          M map = (M) supplier.get();
          return map;
        };
      }

      @Override
      public BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator() {
        return (map, element) -> {
          K key = keyMapper.apply(element);
          if (map.containsKey(key)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key " + key);
          }
          map.put(key, valueMapper.apply(element));
        };
      }

      @Override
      public BinaryOperator<M> combiner() {
        return (left, right) -> {
          int total = left.size() + right.size();
          left.putAll(right);
          if (left.size() < total) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key(s)");
          }
          return left;
        };
      }

      @Override
      public Function<M, M> finisher() {
        return Function.identity();
      }

      @Override
      public Set<Collector.Characteristics> characteristics() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.of(Collector.Characteristics.IDENTITY_FINISH));
      }

    };
  }

}

以及使用 JUnit 和 assertj 的测试:

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValues() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(HashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesWithSupplier() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null, LinkedHashMap::new));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(LinkedHashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesDuplicate() throws Exception {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 1)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null)))
            .isExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasMessage("Duplicate key 1");
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesParallel() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .parallel() // this causes .combiner() to be called
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(HashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesParallelWithDuplicates() throws Exception {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
        .parallel() // this causes .combiner() to be called
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null)))
            .isExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasStackTraceContaining("Duplicate key");
  }

以及如何使用它?好吧,只需使用它而不是toMap()像测试显示的那样。这使得调用代码看起来尽可能干净。

编辑:
在下面实现了 Holger 的想法,添加了一个测试方法

于 2017-04-08T19:27:50.050 回答
8

我稍微修改了 Emmanuel Touzery 的 null-safe 地图Collector实现

这个版本:

  • 允许空键
  • 允许空值
  • 检测重复键(即使它们为空)并IllegalStateException像在原始 JDK 实现中一样抛出
  • 当键已经映射到空值时,也检测重复键。换句话说,将具有空值的映射与无映射分开
public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
        Collectors.toList(),
        list -> {
            Map<K, U> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            list.forEach(item -> {
                K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                U value = valueMapper.apply(item);
                if (map.containsKey(key)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
                            "Duplicate key %s (attempted merging values %s and %s)",
                            key, map.get(key), value));
                }
                map.put(key, value);
            });
            return map;
        }
    );
}

单元测试:

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullKey() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap(null, "value"),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> "value"))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullValue() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap("key", null),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "key", i -> null))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateNullKeys() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key null"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_NoneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_OneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, null, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_AllHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(null, null, null).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}
于 2019-08-08T09:13:40.650 回答
4

如果值是字符串,那么这可能有效: map.entrySet().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.getKey(), e -> Optional.ofNullable(e.getValue()).orElse("")))

于 2016-04-27T20:36:44.757 回答
3

根据Stacktrace

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$148(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/391359742.accept(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at com.guice.Main.main(Main.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

当被称为map.merge

        BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
            = (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
                                          valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);

它将null首先进行检查

if (value == null)
    throw new NullPointerException();

我不经常使用 Java 8,所以我不知道是否有更好的方法来修复它,但修复它有点困难。

你可以这样做:

使用 filter 过滤所有 NULL 值,并在 Javascript 代码中检查服务器是否没有为这个 id 发送任何答案意味着他没有回复它。

像这样的东西:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .filter((a) -> a.getAnswer() != null)
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

或者使用 peek,它用于更改元素的流元素。使用 peek 您可以将答案更改为更适合 map 的内容,但这意味着您需要稍微修改一下您的逻辑。

听起来如果你想保留当前的设计,你应该避免Collectors.toMap

于 2014-07-08T12:38:49.873 回答
2
public static <T, K, V> Collector<T, HashMap<K, V>, HashMap<K, V>> toHashMap(
        Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
        Function<? super T, ? extends V> valueMapper
)
{
    return Collector.of(
            HashMap::new,
            (map, t) -> map.put(keyMapper.apply(t), valueMapper.apply(t)),
            (map1, map2) -> {
                map1.putAll(map2);
                return map1;
            }
    );
}

public static <T, K> Collector<T, HashMap<K, T>, HashMap<K, T>> toHashMap(
        Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper
)
{
    return toHashMap(keyMapper, Function.identity());
}
于 2019-01-24T19:27:00.377 回答
1

通过小调整保留所有问题 ID

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = 
  answerList.stream()
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, a -> 
                       Boolean.TRUE.equals(a.getAnswer())));
于 2017-06-23T08:06:24.550 回答
1

为了完整起见,我发布了一个带有 mergeFunction 参数的toMapOfNullables版本:

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), list -> {
        Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
        for(T item : list) {
            K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
            U newValue = valueMapper.apply(item);
            U value = result.containsKey(key) ? mergeFunction.apply(result.get(key), newValue) : newValue;
            result.put(key, value);
        }
        return result;
    });
}
于 2020-07-02T09:01:23.837 回答
1

很抱歉重新打开一个旧问题,但由于最近编辑说“问题”仍然存在于 Java 11 中,我觉得我想指出这一点:

answerList
        .stream()
        .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

为您提供空指针异常,因为映射不允许 null 作为值。这是有道理的,因为如果您在映射中查找键k并且它不存在,那么返回的值已经存在null(参见 javadoc)。因此,如果您能够k输入 value null,则地图看起来会表现得很奇怪。

正如有人在评论中所说,使用过滤很容易解决这个问题:

answerList
        .stream()
        .filter(a -> a.getAnswer() != null)
        .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

这样,地图中将不会插入任何值,并且当您在地图中查找没有答案的 id 时,null您仍然会得到“值”。null

我希望这对每个人都有意义。

于 2018-11-07T07:50:21.307 回答