我在我的 Android 项目中使用 Retrofit/OkHttp (1.6)。
我没有找到任何内置的请求重试机制。在搜索更多时,我读到 OkHttp 似乎有静默重试。我没有看到在我的任何连接(HTTP 或 HTTPS)上发生这种情况。如何使用 okclient 配置重试?
现在,我正在捕获异常并重试维护计数器变量。
对于改造 2.x;
您可以使用Call.clone()方法克隆请求并执行它。
对于改造 1.x;
您可以使用拦截器。创建自定义拦截器
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
client.setReadTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
client.interceptors().add(new Interceptor() {
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
// try the request
Response response = chain.proceed(request);
int tryCount = 0;
while (!response.isSuccessful() && tryCount < 3) {
Log.d("intercept", "Request is not successful - " + tryCount);
tryCount++;
// retry the request
response = chain.proceed(request);
}
// otherwise just pass the original response on
return response;
}
});
并在创建 RestAdapter 时使用它。
new RestAdapter.Builder()
.setEndpoint(API_URL)
.setRequestInterceptor(requestInterceptor)
.setClient(new OkClient(client))
.build()
.create(Adapter.class);
我不知道这是否适合您,但您可以将RxJava与 Retrofit 一起使用。
Retrofit 能够在休息调用时返回 Observables。retry(count)
在 Observables 上,您可以在 Observable 发出错误时调用以重新订阅它。
您必须像这样在界面中定义调用:
@GET("/data.json")
Observable<DataResponse> fetchSomeData();
然后你可以像这样订阅这个 Observable:
restApi.fetchSomeData()
.retry(5) // Retry the call 5 times if it errors
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) // execute the call asynchronously
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) // handle the results in the ui thread
.subscribe(onComplete, onError);
// onComplete and onError are of type Action1<DataResponse>, Action1<Throwable>
// Here you can define what to do with the results
我和你有同样的问题,这实际上是我的解决方案。RxJava 是一个非常好的库,可以与 Retrofit 结合使用。除了重试之外,您甚至可以做许多很酷的事情(例如编写和链接调用)。
我认为您不应该将 API 处理(由改造/okhttp 完成)与重试混合使用。重试机制更加正交,也可以在许多其他情况下使用。所以我使用 Retrofit/OkHTTP 来处理所有的 API 调用和请求/响应处理,并在上面引入另一个层,用于重试 API 调用。
到目前为止,在我有限的 Java 经验中,我发现 jhlaterman 的 Failsafe 库(github:jhalterman/failsafe)是一个非常通用的库,可以干净地处理许多“重试”情况。例如,这是我将如何将它与实例化 mySimpleService 的改造一起用于身份验证 -
AuthenticationResponse authResp = Failsafe.with(
new RetryPolicy().retryOn(Arrays.asList(IOException.class, AssertionError.class))
.withBackoff(30, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.withMaxRetries(3))
.onRetry((error) -> logger.warn("Retrying after error: " + error.getMessage()))
.get(() -> {
AuthenticationResponse r = mySimpleAPIService.authenticate(
new AuthenticationRequest(username,password))
.execute()
.body();
assert r != null;
return r;
});
上面的代码捕获套接字异常、连接错误、断言失败,并在它们上重试最多 3 次,具有指数退避。它还允许您自定义重试行为,并允许您指定回退。它的可配置性很强,可以适应大多数重试情况。
随意查看该库的文档,因为它除了重试之外还提供了许多其他好东西。
response.isSuccessful() 的问题是当您遇到像 SocketTimeoutException 这样的异常时。
我修改了原始代码来修复它。
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
client.setReadTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
client.interceptors().add(new Interceptor() {
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
Response response = null;
boolean responseOK = false;
int tryCount = 0;
while (!responseOK && tryCount < 3) {
try {
response = chain.proceed(request);
responseOK = response.isSuccessful();
}catch (Exception e){
Log.d("intercept", "Request is not successful - " + tryCount);
}finally{
tryCount++;
}
}
// otherwise just pass the original response on
return response;
}
});
希望能帮助到你。问候。
感谢最佳答案,这对我有用。如果存在连接问题,最好等待几秒钟再重试。
public class ErrorInterceptor implements Interceptor {
ICacheManager cacheManager;
Response response = null;
int tryCount = 0;
int maxLimit = 3;
int waitThreshold = 5000;
@Inject
public ErrorInterceptor() {
}
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain){
// String language = cacheManager.readPreference(PreferenceKeys.LANGUAGE_CODE);
Request request = chain.request();
response = sendReqeust(chain,request);
while (response ==null && tryCount < maxLimit) {
Log.d("intercept", "Request failed - " + tryCount);
tryCount++;
try {
Thread.sleep(waitThreshold); // force wait the network thread for 5 seconds
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
response = sendReqeust(chain,request);
}
return response;
}
private Response sendReqeust(Chain chain, Request request){
try {
response = chain.proceed(request);
if(!response.isSuccessful())
return null;
else
return response;
} catch (IOException e) {
return null;
}
}
}
在 OkHttp 3.9.1 上对我有用的解决方案(考虑这个问题的其他答案):
@NonNull
@Override
public Response intercept(@NonNull Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
int retriesCount = 0;
Response response = null;
do {
try {
response = chain.proceed(request);
// Retry if no internet connection.
} catch (ConnectException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "intercept: ", e);
retriesCount++;
try {
Thread.sleep(RETRY_TIME);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
Log.e(TAG, "intercept: ", e1);
}
}
} while (response == null && retriesCount < MAX_RETRIES);
// If there was no internet connection, then response will be null.
// Need to initialize response anyway to avoid NullPointerException.
if (response == null) {
response = chain.proceed(newRequest);
}
return response;
}
我发现Sinan Kozak提供的方式(OKHttpClient拦截器)在http连接失败时不起作用,还没有关注HTTP响应。
所以我用另一种方法来挂钩 Observable 对象,在它上面调用 .retryWhen 。另外,我添加了 retryCount 限制。
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.CallAdapter;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.adapter.rxjava.HttpException;
import retrofit2.adapter.rxjava.RxJavaCallAdapterFactory;
import retrofit2.converter.jackson.JacksonConverterFactory;
import rx.Observable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
然后
RxJavaCallAdapterFactory originCallAdaptorFactory = RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create();
CallAdapter.Factory newCallAdaptorFactory = new CallAdapter.Factory() {
@Override
public CallAdapter<?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
CallAdapter<?> ca = originCallAdaptorFactory.get(returnType, annotations, retrofit);
return new CallAdapter<Observable<?>>() {
@Override
public Type responseType() {
return ca.responseType();
}
int restRetryCount = 3;
@Override
public <R> Observable<?> adapt(Call<R> call) {
Observable<?> rx = (Observable<?>) ca.adapt(call);
return rx.retryWhen(errors -> errors.flatMap(error -> {
boolean needRetry = false;
if (restRetryCount >= 1) {
if (error instanceof IOException) {
needRetry = true;
} else if (error instanceof HttpException) {
if (((HttpException) error).code() != 200) {
needRetry = true;
}
}
}
if (needRetry) {
restRetryCount--;
return Observable.just(null);
} else {
return Observable.error(error);
}
}));
}
};
}
};
然后添加或替换
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
和
.addCallAdapterFactory(newCallAdaptorFactory)
例如:
return new Retrofit
.Builder()
.baseUrl(baseUrl)
.client(okClient)
.addCallAdapterFactory(newCallAdaptorFactory)
.addConverterFactory(JacksonConverterFactory.create(objectMapper));
注意:为简单起见,我只是将HTTP代码> 404代码视为重试,请自行修改。
另外,如果http响应是200,那么上面rx.retryWhen
不会被调用,如果你坚持要检查这样的响应,你可以rx.subscribeOn(...throw error...
在.retryWhen之前添加。
对于那些更喜欢拦截器来处理重试问题的人 - 基于 Sinan 的回答,这是我提出的拦截器,它包括重试计数和退避延迟,并且仅在网络可用且请求不可用时重试尝试取消。(仅处理 IOExceptions(SocketTimeout、UnknownHost 等))
builder.addInterceptor(new Interceptor() {
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
// try the request
Response response = null;
int tryCount = 1;
while (tryCount <= MAX_TRY_COUNT) {
try {
response = chain.proceed(request);
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!NetworkUtils.isNetworkAvailable()) {
// if no internet, dont bother retrying request
throw e;
}
if ("Canceled".equalsIgnoreCase(e.getMessage())) {
// Request canceled, do not retry
throw e;
}
if (tryCount >= MAX_TRY_COUNT) {
// max retry count reached, giving up
throw e;
}
try {
// sleep delay * try count (e.g. 1st retry after 3000ms, 2nd after 6000ms, etc.)
Thread.sleep(RETRY_BACKOFF_DELAY * tryCount);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
throw new RuntimeException(e1);
}
tryCount++;
}
}
// otherwise just pass the original response on
return response;
}
});
只想分享我的版本。它使用 rxJava retryWhen 方法。我的版本每 N=15 秒重试一次连接,当互联网连接恢复时几乎立即发出重试。
public class RetryWithDelayOrInternet implements Function<Flowable<? extends Throwable>, Flowable<?>> {
public static boolean isInternetUp;
private int retryCount;
@Override
public Flowable<?> apply(final Flowable<? extends Throwable> attempts) {
return Flowable.fromPublisher(s -> {
while (true) {
retryCount++;
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
attempts.subscribe(s);
break;
}
if (isInternetUp || retryCount == 15) {
retryCount = 0;
s.onNext(new Object());
}
}
})
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.single());
}}
你应该在 .subscribe 之前使用它,如下所示:
.retryWhen(new RetryWithDelayOrInternet())
您应该手动更改 isInternetUp 字段
public class InternetConnectionReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
boolean networkAvailable = isNetworkAvailable(context);
RetryWithDelayOrInternet.isInternetUp = networkAvailable;
}
public static boolean isNetworkAvailable(Context context) {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo activeNetworkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
return activeNetworkInfo != null && activeNetworkInfo.isConnected();
}}
它似乎将出现在 API 规范的改造 2.0 中: https ://github.com/square/retrofit/issues/297 。目前,最好的方法似乎是捕获异常并手动重试。
如文档中所述,更好的方法可能是使用烘焙的身份验证器,例如: private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
client.setAuthenticator(new Authenticator() {
@Override public Request authenticate(Proxy proxy, Response response) {
System.out.println("Authenticating for response: " + response);
System.out.println("Challenges: " + response.challenges());
String credential = Credentials.basic("jesse", "password1");
return response.request().newBuilder()
.header("Authorization", credential)
.build();
}
@Override public Request authenticateProxy(Proxy proxy, Response response) {
return null; // Null indicates no attempt to authenticate.
}
});
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://publicobject.com/secrets/hellosecret.txt")
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
我在这个问题上玩了很多,试图找到重试改造请求的最佳方法。我正在使用 Retrofit 2,所以我的解决方案适用于 Retrofit 2。对于 Retrofit 1,您必须像此处接受的答案一样使用拦截器。@joluet 的答案是正确的,但他没有提到 retry 方法需要在 .subscribe(onComplete, onError) 方法之前调用。这非常重要,否则不会像@joluet 回答中提到的@pocmo 那样再次重试请求。这是我的例子:
final Observable<List<NewsDatum>> newsDetailsObservable = apiService.getCandidateNewsItem(newsId).map((newsDetailsParseObject) -> {
return newsDetailsParseObject;
});
newsDetailsObservable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.retry((integer, throwable) -> {
//MAX_NUMBER_TRY is your maximum try number
if(integer <= MAX_NUMBER_TRY){
return true;//this will retry the observable (request)
}
return false;//this will not retry and it will go inside onError method
})
.subscribe(new Subscriber<List<NewsDatum>>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
// do nothing
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
//do something with the error
}
@Override
public void onNext(List<NewsDatum> apiNewsDatum) {
//do something with the parsed data
}
});
apiService 是我的 RetrofitServiceProvider 对象。
顺便说一句:我使用的是 Java 8,所以代码中有很多 lambda 表达式。
工作产品解决方案。
public int callAPI() {
return 1; //some method to be retried
}
public int retrylogic() throws InterruptedException, IOException{
int retry = 0;
int status = -1;
boolean delay = false;
do {
if (delay) {
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
try {
status = callAPI();
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error occured");
status = -1;
}
finally {
switch (status) {
case 200:
System.out.println(" **OK**");
return status;
default:
System.out.println(" **unknown response code**.");
break;
}
retry++;
System.out.println("Failed retry " + retry + "/" + 3);
delay = true;
}
}while (retry < 3);
System.out.println("Aborting download of dataset.");
return status;
}
正如之前的用户所说,如果您使用的是 Retrofit2 call.clone 就足够了,但我还想添加一个简单的示例来说明它的外观:
public class CallbackImpl implements Callback<ResponseBody> {
private final Set<Integer> retryCode = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(503, 504));
int requestRetry = 1;
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
if (response.code() == 201) {
// Object was created.
} else {
if (requestRetry != 0 && retryCode.contains(response.code())) {
call.clone().enqueue(this);
} else {
// Handle the error
}
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable throwable) {
if (throwable instanceof IOException) {
// Network failure
} else {
// Conversion Issue
}
}
}
Failsafe 3.2.2 有一个OkHttp 模块,这使得这很容易:
Call call = client.newCall(request);
RetryPolicy<Response> retryPolicy = RetryPolicy.ofDefaults();
FailsafeCall failsafeCall = FailsafeCall.with(retryPolicy).compose(call);
// Execute with retries
Response response = failsafeCall.execute();