请看下面的代码:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <boost/atomic.hpp>
class ReferenceCounted {
public:
ReferenceCounted() : ref_count_(1) {}
void reserve() {
ref_count_.fetch_add(1, boost::memory_order_relaxed);
}
void release() {
if (ref_count_.fetch_sub(1, boost::memory_order_release) == 1) {
boost::atomic_thread_fence(boost::memory_order_acquire);
delete this;
}
}
private:
boost::atomic<int> ref_count_;
};
void* Thread1(void* x) {
static_cast<ReferenceCounted*>(x)->release();
return NULL;
}
void* Thread2(void* x) {
static_cast<ReferenceCounted*>(x)->release();
return NULL;
}
int main() {
ReferenceCounted* obj = new ReferenceCounted();
obj->reserve(); // for Thread1
obj->reserve(); // for Thread2
obj->release(); // for the main()
pthread_t t[2];
pthread_create(&t[0], NULL, Thread1, obj);
pthread_create(&t[1], NULL, Thread2, obj);
pthread_join(t[0], NULL);
pthread_join(t[1], NULL);
}
这有点类似于Boost.Atomic中的引用计数示例。
主要区别在于嵌入在构造函数中ref_count_
被初始化1
(一旦构造函数完成,我们就有一个对该ReferenceCounted
对象的引用)并且代码不使用boost::intrusive_ptr
.
请不要责怪我delete this
在代码中使用 - 这是我在工作中的大型代码库中使用的模式,我现在无能为力。
clang 3.5
现在,这段代码使用来自主干(详情如下)和ThreadSanitizer (tsan v2)编译,导致 ThreadSanitizer 的以下输出:
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=9871)
Write of size 1 at 0x7d040000f7f0 by thread T2:
#0 operator delete(void*) <null>:0 (a.out+0x00000004738b)
#1 ReferenceCounted::release() /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:15 (a.out+0x0000000a2c06)
#2 Thread2(void*) /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:29 (a.out+0x0000000a2833)
Previous atomic write of size 4 at 0x7d040000f7f0 by thread T1:
#0 __tsan_atomic32_fetch_sub <null>:0 (a.out+0x0000000896b6)
#1 boost::atomics::detail::base_atomic<int, int, 4u, true>::fetch_sub(int, boost::memory_order) volatile /home/A.Romanek/tmp/boost/boost_1_55_0/boost/atomic/detail/gcc-atomic.hpp:499 (a.out+0x0000000a3329)
#2 ReferenceCounted::release() /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:13 (a.out+0x0000000a2a71)
#3 Thread1(void*) /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:24 (a.out+0x0000000a27d3)
Location is heap block of size 4 at 0x7d040000f7f0 allocated by main thread:
#0 operator new(unsigned long) <null>:0 (a.out+0x000000046e1d)
#1 main /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:34 (a.out+0x0000000a286f)
Thread T2 (tid=9874, running) created by main thread at:
#0 pthread_create <null>:0 (a.out+0x00000004a2d1)
#1 main /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:40 (a.out+0x0000000a294e)
Thread T1 (tid=9873, finished) created by main thread at:
#0 pthread_create <null>:0 (a.out+0x00000004a2d1)
#1 main /home/A.Romanek/tmp/tsan/main.cpp:39 (a.out+0x0000000a2912)
SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race ??:0 operator delete(void*)
==================
ThreadSanitizer: reported 1 warnings
奇怪的是,它会将大小为 1 的写入写入与在引用计数器上执行原子减量时thread T1
相同的内存位置。thread T2
前一种写法怎么解释?它是由类的析构函数执行的一些清理ReferenceCounted
吗?
是误报吗?还是代码错了?
我的设置是:
$ uname -a
Linux aromanek-laptop 3.13.0-29-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 4 21:00:20 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ clang --version
Ubuntu clang version 3.5-1ubuntu1 (trunk) (based on LLVM 3.5)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
代码编译如下:
clang++ main.cpp -I/home/A.Romanek/tmp/boost/boost_1_55_0 -pthread -fsanitize=thread -O0 -g -ggdb3 -fPIE -pie -fPIC
请注意,在我的机器上,实现boost::atomic<T>
解析为ThreadSanitizer 声称可以理解__atomic_load_n
的函数系列。
更新 1:使用clang 3.4
最终版本时也会发生同样的情况。