编辑 2
好的，geopy 有一个开箱即用的解决方案，只是没有很好的记录：
import geopy
import geopy.distance
# Define starting point.
start = geopy.Point(48.853, 2.349)
# Define a general distance object, initialized with a distance of 1 km.
d = geopy.distance.VincentyDistance(kilometers = 1)
# Use the `destination` method with a bearing of 0 degrees (which is north)
# in order to go from point `start` 1 km to north.
print d.destination(point=start, bearing=0)
输出是48 52m 0.0s N, 2 21m 0.0s E（或Point(48.861992239749355, 2.349, 0.0)）。
90 度的方位对应于东，180 度对应于南，依此类推。
较早的答案：
一个简单的解决方案是：
def get_new_point():
# After going 1 km North, 1 km East, 1 km South and 1 km West
# we are back where we were before.
return (-24680.1613, 6708860.65389)
但是，我不确定这是否符合您的一般目的。
好吧，说真的，你可以开始使用 geopy 了。首先，您需要在 geopy 已知的坐标系中定义起点。乍一看，您似乎不能只是将某个距离“添加”到某个方向。我认为原因是距离的计算是一个没有简单逆解的问题。或者我们将如何反转https://code.google.com/p/geopy/source/browse/trunk/geopy/distance.py#217measure中定义的函数？
因此，您可能希望采用迭代方法。
如此处所述：https ://stackoverflow.com/a/9078861/145400您可以计算两个给定点之间的距离，如下所示：
pt1 = geopy.Point(48.853, 2.349)
pt2 = geopy.Point(52.516, 13.378)
# distance.distance() is the VincentyDistance by default.
dist = geopy.distance.distance(pt1, pt2).km
对于向北一公里，您将迭代地将纬度更改为正方向并检查距离。您可以使用来自例如 SciPy 的简单迭代求解器自动执行此方法：只需通过http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html#root-findinggeopy.distance.distance().km - 1中列出的优化器之一找到根。
我认为很明显，您通过将纬度更改为负方向来向南，通过更改经度向西和东。
我没有这种地理计算的经验，这种迭代方法只有在没有简单的直接方法可以“向北”一定距离时才有意义。
编辑：我的建议的示例实现：
import geopy
import geopy.distance
import scipy.optimize
def north(startpoint, distance_km):
"""Return target function whose argument is a positive latitude
change (in degrees) relative to `startpoint`, and that has a root
for a latitude offset that corresponds to a point that is
`distance_km` kilometers away from the start point.
"""
def target(latitude_positive_offset):
return geopy.distance.distance(
startpoint, geopy.Point(
latitude=startpoint.latitude + latitude_positive_offset,
longitude=startpoint.longitude)
).km - distance_km
return target
start = geopy.Point(48.853, 2.349)
print "Start: %s" % start
# Find the root of the target function, vary the positve latitude offset between
# 0 and 2 degrees (which is for sure enough for finding a 1 km distance, but must
# be adjusted for larger distances).
latitude_positive_offset = scipy.optimize.bisect(north(start, 1), 0, 2)
# Build Point object for identified point in space.
end = geopy.Point(
latitude=start.latitude + latitude_positive_offset,
longitude=start.longitude
)
print "1 km north: %s" % end
# Make the control.
print "Control distance between both points: %.4f km." % (
geopy.distance.distance(start, end).km)
输出：
$ python test.py
Start: 48 51m 0.0s N, 2 21m 0.0s E
1 km north: 48 52m 0.0s N, 2 21m 0.0s E
Control distance between both points: 1.0000 km.