为了在一个单独的线程中创建一个 Qt 事件循环,从一个由 Java 编写的主应用程序调用的 DLL 中,我根据我在这里阅读的建议做了以下工作,效果很好:
// Define a global namespace. We need to do this because the parameters
// passed to QCoreApplication must have a lifetime exceeding that of the
// QCoreApplication object
namespace ToolThreadGlobal
{
static int argc = 1;
static char * argv[] = { "MyVirtualMainApplication.exe", NULL };
static QCoreApplication *coreApp = nullptr;
static ToolThread *toolThread = nullptr;
};
//! The ToolThread class differs from a standard QThread only
//! in its run() method
class ToolThread : public QThread
{
//! Override QThread's run() method so that it calls
//! the QCoreApplication's exec() method rather than
//! the QThread's own
void run() { ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp -> exec(); }
};
class ThreadStarter : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
//! Constructor
ThreadStarter()
{
// Set up the tool thread:
if (!ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread)
{
ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread = new ToolThread();
connect(ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread, &ToolThread::started,
this, &ThreadStarter::createApplication, Qt::DirectConnection);
// The thread's 'started' event is emitted after the thread
// is started but before its run() method is invoked. By
// arranging for the createApplication subroutine to be
// called before run(), we ensure that the required
// QCoreApplication object is instantiated *within the
// thread* before ToolThread's customised run() method
// calls the application's exec() command.
ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread->start();
}
}
//! Destructor
~ThreadStarter()
{
// Ensure that the thread and the QCoreApplication are cleanly
// shut down:
ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp -> quit();
delete ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp;
ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp = nullptr;
delete ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread;
ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread = nullptr;
}
//! Function to return a pointer to the actual tool thread:
ToolThread* getThread() const { return ToolThreadGlobal::toolThread; }
private:
//! Create the QCoreApplication that will provide the tool
//! thread's event loop
/*! This subroutine is intended to be called from the tool
thread itself as soon as the thread starts up.
*/
void createApplication()
{
// Start the QCoreApplication event loop, so long as no
// other Qt event loop is already running
if (QCoreApplication::instance() == NULL)
{
ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp = new QCoreApplication(ToolThreadGlobal::argc,
ToolThreadGlobal::argv);
}
}
};
要使用它,从主 Java 应用程序的线程调用的子例程只需要创建一个 ThreadStarter 对象,该对象将自动创建一个 ToolThread,其中运行一个 QCoreApplication:
itsThreadStarter = new ThreadStarter();
itsToolThread = itsThreadStarter -> getThread();
然后我们可以用通常的方式实例化一个 QObject 类,将它移动到线程并使用 QMetaObject::invokeMethod 异步调用它的方法:
itsWorker = new Worker();
itsWorker -> moveToThread(itsToolThread);
QMetaObject::invokeMethod(itsWorker, “doSomethingInteresting”);
完成后,我们只需删除 ThreadStarter 对象,一切都被清理干净了。除了恼人的消息说
WARNING: QApplication was not created in the main() thread
在启动时,它似乎满足了我的所有要求。
除了……(最后,这是我的问题)。
有时——而且到目前为止我还没有发现任何模式——我在关机过程中遇到错误。通常它发生在线路上
delete ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp;
但有时在线
ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp -> exec();
(当然是在线程的 run() 方法中执行,直到 ToolThreadGlobal::coreApp -> quit(); 完全执行后才返回)。
通常错误消息是简单的访问冲突;有时它更复杂:
ASSERT failure in QObjectPrivate::deleteChildren(): "isDeletingChildren already set, did this function recurse?", file ..\qtbase\src\corelib\kernel\qobject.cpp, line 1927
我认为这是因为,一旦我向 QCoreApplication 发出 quit() 命令,我应该等待一段时间让它正确关闭事件循环,然后再删除它 - 就像通常调用 quit() 然后等待一样() 在一个普通的 QThread 上删除它。但是,QCoreApplication 似乎没有与 wait() 命令等效的功能,并且我无法实现 QTimer 来强制延迟,因为一旦我使用 quit() 关闭了事件循环,它就无法工作。因此,我不知所措。我有一个暗示,因为 QCoreApplication 是一个 QObject,我可以调用它的 deleteLater() 方法,但我看不出我应该从哪里调用它。
是否有专家足够了解 QCoreApplication 和 QThread 的来龙去脉,可以提出解决方案?还是我的设计方式存在根本缺陷?