209

我想在 Swift 中存储一组弱引用。数组本身不应该是弱引用 - 它的元素应该是。我认为 CocoaNSPointerArray提供了一个非类型安全的版本。

4

20 回答 20

175

创建一个通用包装器：

class Weak<T: AnyObject> {
  weak var value : T?
  init (value: T) {
    self.value = value
  }
}

将此类的实例添加到您的数组中。

class Stuff {}
var weakly : [Weak<Stuff>] = [Weak(value: Stuff()), Weak(value: Stuff())]

定义时Weak，您可以使用struct或class。

此外，为了帮助获取数组内容，您可以执行以下操作：

extension Array where Element:Weak<AnyObject> {
  mutating func reap () {
    self = self.filter { nil != $0.value }
  }
}

上面的使用AnyObject应该替换为T- 但我不认为当前的 Swift 语言允许这样定义的扩展。

于 2014-06-09T20:07:46.207 回答
75

You can use the NSHashTable with weakObjectsHashTable. NSHashTable<ObjectType>.weakObjectsHashTable()

For Swift 3: NSHashTable<ObjectType>.weakObjects()

NSHashTable Class Reference

Available in OS X v10.5 and later.

Available in iOS 6.0 and later.

于 2014-11-24T15:51:20.737 回答
28

函数式编程方法

不需要额外的课程。

只需定义一个闭包数组() -> Foo?并使用 foo 将实例捕获为弱[weak foo]。

let foo = Foo()

var foos = [() -> Foo?]()
foos.append({ [weak foo] in return foo })

foos.forEach { $0()?.doSomething() }
于 2020-03-16T14:38:06.960 回答
15

派对有点晚了，但试试我的。我实现为 Set 而不是 Array。

弱对象集

class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
    weak var object: T?
    init(object: T) {
        self.object = object
    }

    var hashValue: Int {
        if let object = self.object { return unsafeAddressOf(object).hashValue }
        else { return 0 }
    }
}

func == <T> (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
    return lhs.object === rhs.object
}


class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
    var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>

    init() {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
    }

    init(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }

    var allObjects: [T] {
        return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
    }

    func contains(object: T) -> Bool {
        return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    func addObject(object: T) {
        self.objects.unionInPlace([WeakObject(object: object)])
    }

    func addObjects(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects.unionInPlace(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }
}

用法

var alice: NSString? = "Alice"
var bob: NSString? = "Bob"
var cathline: NSString? = "Cathline"

var persons = WeakObjectSet<NSString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]

alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]

bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]

请注意，WeakObjectSet 不会采用 String 类型，而是采用 NSString。因为，String 类型不是 AnyType。我的快速版本是Apple Swift version 2.2 (swiftlang-703.0.18.1 clang-703.0.29).

代码可以从 Gist 中获取。 https://gist.github.com/codelynx/30d3c42a833321f17d39

** 添加于 2017 年 11 月

我将代码更新为 Swift 4

// Swift 4, Xcode Version 9.1 (9B55)

class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
    weak var object: T?
    init(object: T) {
        self.object = object
    }

    var hashValue: Int {
        if var object = object { return UnsafeMutablePointer<T>(&object).hashValue }
        return 0
    }

    static func == (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
        return lhs.object === rhs.object
    }
}

class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
    var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>

    init() {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
    }

    init(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }

    var allObjects: [T] {
        return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
    }

    func contains(_ object: T) -> Bool {
        return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    func addObject(_ object: T) {
        self.objects.formUnion([WeakObject(object: object)])
    }

    func addObjects(_ objects: [T]) {
        self.objects.formUnion(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }
}

正如 gokeji 提到的，我发现 NSString 不会根据使用中的代码被释放。我挠了挠头，我写了 MyString 类如下。

// typealias MyString = NSString
class MyString: CustomStringConvertible {
    var string: String
    init(string: String) {
        self.string = string
    }
    deinit {
        print("relasing: \(string)")
    }
    var description: String {
        return self.string
    }
}

然后换成NSString这样MyString。然后奇怪地说它有效。

var alice: MyString? = MyString(string: "Alice")
var bob: MyString? = MyString(string: "Bob")
var cathline: MyString? = MyString(string: "Cathline")

var persons = WeakObjectSet<MyString>()

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]

alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]

bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]

然后我发现一个奇怪的页面可能与这个问题有关。

弱引用保留释放的 NSString（仅限 XC9 + iOS Sim）

https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5511

它说问题是RESOLVED，但我想知道这是否仍然与这个问题有关。无论如何， MyString 或 NSString 之间的行为差​​异超出了此上下文，但如果有人解决了这个问题，我将不胜感激。

于 2016-03-23T16:53:01.573 回答
12

这不是我的解决方案。我在 Apple Developer Forums 上找到了它。

@GoZoner 有一个很好的答案，但它会使 Swift 编译器崩溃。

这是一个弱对象容器版本，不会使当前发布的编译器崩溃。

struct WeakContainer<T where T: AnyObject> {
    weak var _value : T?

    init (value: T) {
        _value = value
    }

    func get() -> T? {
        return _value
    }
}

然后，您可以创建这些容器的数组：

let myArray: Array<WeakContainer<MyClass>> = [myObject1, myObject2]
于 2014-06-10T08:32:32.700 回答
10

您可以通过创建一个包装对象来保存弱指针来做到这一点。

struct WeakThing<T: AnyObject> {
  weak var value: T?
  init (value: T) {
    self.value = value
  }
}

然后在数组中使用这些

var weakThings = WeakThing<Foo>[]()
于 2014-06-09T20:09:25.833 回答
9

功能样式包装器怎么样？

class Class1 {}

func captureWeakly<T> (_ target:T) -> (() -> T?) where T: AnyObject {
    return { [weak target] in
        return target
    }
}

let obj1 = Class1()
let obj2 = Class1()
let obj3 = Class1()
let captured1 = captureWeakly(obj1)
let captured2 = captureWeakly(obj2)
let captured3 = captureWeakly(obj3)

只需调用返回的闭包来检查目标是否还活着。

let isAlive = captured1() != nil
let theValue = captured1()!

你可以将这个闭包存储到一个数组中。

let array1 = Array<() -> (Class1?)>([captured1, captured2, captured3])

您可以通过映射调用闭包来检索弱捕获的值。

let values = Array(array1.map({ $0() }))

实际上，您不需要一个函数来进行闭包。直接捕获对象即可。

let captured3 = { [weak obj3] in return obj3 }
于 2014-11-02T08:22:27.313 回答
8

我有同样的想法用泛型创建弱容器。
结果，我为以下内容创建了包装器NSHashTable： 

class WeakSet<ObjectType>: SequenceType {

    var count: Int {
        return weakStorage.count
    }

    private let weakStorage = NSHashTable.weakObjectsHashTable()

    func addObject(object: ObjectType) {
        guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
        weakStorage.addObject(object as? AnyObject)
    }

    func removeObject(object: ObjectType) {
        guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
        weakStorage.removeObject(object as? AnyObject)
    }

    func removeAllObjects() {
        weakStorage.removeAllObjects()
    }

    func containsObject(object: ObjectType) -> Bool {
        guard object is AnyObject else { fatalError("Object (\(object)) should be subclass of AnyObject") }
        return weakStorage.containsObject(object as? AnyObject)
    }

    func generate() -> AnyGenerator<ObjectType> {
        let enumerator = weakStorage.objectEnumerator()
        return anyGenerator {
            return enumerator.nextObject() as! ObjectType?
        }
    }
}

用法： 

protocol MyDelegate : AnyObject {
    func doWork()
}

class MyClass: AnyObject, MyDelegate {
    fun doWork() {
        // Do delegated work.
    }
}

var delegates = WeakSet<MyDelegate>()
delegates.addObject(MyClass())

for delegate in delegates {
    delegate.doWork()
}

这不是最好的解决方案，因为WeakSet可以用任何类型初始化，如果这种类型不符合AnyObject协议，那么应用程序将崩溃并详细说明。但我现在没有看到任何更好的解决方案。

最初的解决方案是以WeakSet这种方式定义的： 

class WeakSet<ObjectType: AnyObject>: SequenceType {}

但在这种情况下WeakSet不能用协议初始化： 

protocol MyDelegate : AnyObject {
    func doWork()
}

let weakSet = WeakSet<MyDelegate>()

目前无法编译上述代码（Swift 2.1、Xcode 7.1）。
这就是为什么我放弃了遵守并添加了带有断言的AnyObject额外守卫。fatalError()

于 2015-11-14T05:44:37.183 回答
7

细节

  • 斯威夫特 5.1，Xcode 11.3.1

解决方案

struct WeakObject<Object: AnyObject> { weak var object: Object? }

选项1

@propertyWrapper
struct WeakElements<Collect, Element> where Collect: RangeReplaceableCollection, Collect.Element == Optional<Element>, Element: AnyObject {
    private var weakObjects = [WeakObject<Element>]()

    init(wrappedValue value: Collect) { save(collection: value) }

    private mutating func save(collection: Collect) {
        weakObjects = collection.map { WeakObject(object: $0) }
    }

    var wrappedValue: Collect {
        get { Collect(weakObjects.map { $0.object }) }
        set (newValues) { save(collection: newValues) }
    }
}

选项 1 用法

class Class1 { // or struct
    @WeakElements var weakObjectsArray = [UIView?]() // Use like regular array. With any objects

    func test() {
        weakObjectsArray.append(UIView())
        weakObjectsArray.forEach { print($0) }
    }
}

选项 2

struct WeakObjectsArray<Object> where Object: AnyObject {
    private var weakObjects = [WeakObject<Object>]()
}

extension WeakObjectsArray {
    typealias SubSequence = WeakObjectsArray<Object>
    typealias Element = Optional<Object>
    typealias Index = Int
    var startIndex: Index { weakObjects.startIndex }
    var endIndex: Index { weakObjects.endIndex }
    func index(after i: Index) -> Index { weakObjects.index(after: i) }
    subscript(position: Index) -> Element {
        get { weakObjects[position].object }
        set (newValue) { weakObjects[position] = WeakObject(object: newValue) }
    }
    var count: Int { return weakObjects.count }
    var isEmpty: Bool { return weakObjects.isEmpty }
}

extension WeakObjectsArray: RangeReplaceableCollection {
    mutating func replaceSubrange<C : Collection>( _ subrange: Range<Index>, with newElements: C) where Element == C.Element {
        weakObjects.replaceSubrange(subrange, with: newElements.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }
}

选项 2 用法

class Class2 { // or struct
    var weakObjectsArray = WeakObjectsArray<UIView>() // Use like regular array. With any objects

    func test() {
        weakObjectsArray.append(UIView())
        weakObjectsArray.forEach { print($0) }
    }
}

完整样本

不要忘记粘贴解决方案代码

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @WeakElements var weakObjectsArray = [UIView?]()
    //var weakObjectsArray = WeakObjectsArray<UIView>()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        addSubviews()
    }

    private func printArray(title: String) {
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            print("=============================\n\(title)\ncount: \(self.weakObjectsArray.count)")
            self.weakObjectsArray.enumerated().forEach { print("\($0) \(String(describing: $1))") }
        }
    }
}

extension ViewController {

    private func createRandomRectangleAndAdd(to parentView: UIView) -> UIView {
        let view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: Int.random(in: 0...200),
                                        y: Int.random(in: 60...200),
                                        width: Int.random(in: 0...200),
                                        height: Int.random(in: 0...200)))
        let color = UIColor(red: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
                            green: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
                            blue: CGFloat.random(in: 0...255)/255,
                            alpha: 1)
        view.backgroundColor = color
        parentView.addSubview(view)
        return view
    }

    private func addSubviews() {
        (0...1).forEach { _ in addView() }
        addButtons()
    }

    private func createButton(title: String, frame: CGRect, action: Selector) -> UIButton {
        let button = UIButton(frame: frame)
        button.setTitle(title, for: .normal)
        button.addTarget(self, action: action, for: .touchUpInside)
        button.setTitleColor(.blue, for: .normal)
        return button
    }

    private func addButtons() {
        view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Add",
                                     frame: CGRect(x: 10, y: 20, width: 40, height: 40),
                                     action: #selector(addView)))

        view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Delete",
                                     frame: CGRect(x: 60, y: 20, width: 60, height: 40),
                                     action: #selector(deleteView)))

        view.addSubview(createButton(title: "Remove nils",
                                     frame: CGRect(x: 120, y: 20, width: 100, height: 40),
                                     action: #selector(removeNils)))
    }

    @objc func deleteView() {
        view.subviews.first { view -> Bool in return !(view is UIButton) }?
            .removeFromSuperview()

        printArray(title: "First view deleted")
    }

    @objc func addView() {
        weakObjectsArray.append(createRandomRectangleAndAdd(to: view))
        printArray(title: "View addded")
    }

    @objc func removeNils() {
        weakObjectsArray = weakObjectsArray.filter { $0 != nil }
        printArray(title: "Remove all nil elements in weakArray")
    }
}
于 2017-11-23T20:50:05.423 回答
5

由于NSPointerArray已经自动处理了大部分问题，我通过为它制作一个类型安全的包装器解决了这个问题，这避免了其他答案中的很多样板：

class WeakArray<T: AnyObject> {
    private let pointers = NSPointerArray.weakObjects()
    
    init (_ elements: T...) {
        elements.forEach{self.pointers.addPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained($0).toOpaque())}
    }
    
    func get (_ index: Int) -> T? {
        if index < self.pointers.count, let pointer = self.pointers.pointer(at: index) {
            return Unmanaged<T>.fromOpaque(pointer).takeUnretainedValue()
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    func append (_ element: T) {
        self.pointers.addPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(element).toOpaque())
    }
    func forEach (_ callback: (T) -> ()) {
        for i in 0..<self.pointers.count {
            if let element = self.get(i) {
                callback(element)
            }
        }
    }
    // implement other functionality as needed
}

示例用法：

class Foo {}
var foo: Foo? = Foo()
let array = WeakArray(foo!)
print(array.get(0)) // Optional(Foo)
foo = nil
DispatchQueue.main.async{print(array.get(0))} // nil

前面的工作量更大，但其余代码中的用法更清晰 IMO。如果你想让它更像数组，你甚至可以实现下标，使它成为一个SequenceType等（但我的项目只需要append，forEach所以我手头没有确切的代码）。

于 2018-09-14T18:13:50.103 回答
4

WeakContainer 的现有示例很有帮助，但它并不能真正帮助在现有的 swift 容器（如列表和字典）中使用弱引用。

如果你想使用 List 方法，例如 contains，那么 WeakContainer 将需要实现 Equatable。因此，我添加了代码以允许 WeakContainer 是平等的。

如果您想在字典中使用 Wea​​kContainer，我还将它设置为可散列的，因此它可以用作字典键。

我还将它重命名为 WeakObject 以强调这仅适用于类类型并将其与 WeakContainer 示例区分开来：

struct WeakObject<TYPE where TYPE:AnyObject> : Equatable, Hashable
{
    weak var _value : TYPE?
    let _originalHashValue : Int

    init (value: TYPE)
    {
        _value = value

        // We keep around the original hash value so that we can return it to represent this
        // object even if the value became Nil out from under us because the object went away.
        _originalHashValue = ObjectIdentifier(value).hashValue
    }

    var value : TYPE?
    {
        return _value
    }

    var hashValue: Int
    {
        return _originalHashValue
    }
}

func ==<T>(lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool
{
    if lhs.value == nil  &&  rhs.value == nil {
        return true
    }
    else if lhs.value == nil  ||  rhs.value == nil {
        return false
    }

    // If the objects are the same, then we are good to go
    return lhs.value! === rhs.value!
}

这允许你做一些很酷的事情，比如使用弱引用字典：

private var m_observerDict : Dictionary<WeakObject<AnyObject>,FLObservationBlock> = Dictionary()

func addObserver( observer:AnyObject, block:FLObservationBlock )
{
    let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
    m_observerDict[weakObserver] = block
}


func removeObserver( observer:AnyObject )
{
    let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
    m_observerDict.removeValueForKey(weakObserver)
}
于 2015-10-04T21:29:38.977 回答
3

以下是如何使@GoZoner 的最佳答案符合Hashable，因此它可以在 Container 对象中进行索引，例如：Set、Dictionary、Array等。

private class Weak<T: AnyObject>: Hashable {
    weak var value : T!
    init (value: T) {
       self.value = value
    }

    var hashValue : Int {
       // ObjectIdentifier creates a unique hashvalue for objects.
       return ObjectIdentifier(self.value).hashValue
    }
}

// Need to override so we can conform to Equitable.
private func == <T>(lhs: Weak<T>, rhs: Weak<T>) -> Bool {
    return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}
于 2015-11-22T23:24:31.170 回答
2

同一问题的另一种解决方案......这个问题的重点是存储对对象的弱引用，但也允许您存储结构。

[我不确定它有多大用处，但确实需要一段时间才能使语法正确]

class WeakWrapper : Equatable {
    var valueAny : Any?
    weak var value : AnyObject?

    init(value: Any) {
        if let valueObj = value as? AnyObject {
            self.value = valueObj
        } else {
            self.valueAny = value
        }
    }

    func recall() -> Any? {
        if let value = value {
            return value
        } else if let value = valueAny {
            return value
        }
        return nil
    }
}


func ==(lhs: WeakWrapper, rhs: WeakWrapper) -> Bool {
    return ObjectIdentifier(lhs) == ObjectIdentifier(rhs)
}



class Stuff {}
var weakArray : [WeakWrapper] = [WeakWrapper(value: Stuff()), WeakWrapper(value: CGRectZero)]

extension Array where Element : WeakWrapper  {

    mutating func removeObject(object: Element) {
        if let index = self.indexOf(object) {
            self.removeAtIndex(index)
        }
    }

    mutating func compress() {
        for obj in self {
            if obj.recall() == nil {
                self.removeObject(obj)
            }
        }
    }


}

weakArray[0].recall()
weakArray[1].recall() == nil
weakArray.compress()
weakArray.count
于 2015-11-18T22:02:55.880 回答
2

这是一个类型安全的集合，包含弱对象的容器。它还会在访问时自动删除容器/包装器。

例子： 

protocol SomeDelegate: class {
    func doSomething()
}

class SomeViewController: UIViewController {
    var delegates: WeakCollection<SomeDelegate> = []

    func someFunction(delegate: SomeDelegate) {
        delegates.append(delegate)
    }

    func runDelegates() {
        delegates.forEach { $0.doSomething() }
    }
}

自定义集合 https://gist.github.com/djk12587/46d85017fb3fad6946046925f36cefdc

import Foundation

/**
 Creates an array of weak reference objects.
 - Important:
    Because this is an array of weak objects, the objects in the array can be removed at any time.
    The collection itself will handle removing nil objects (garbage collection) via the private function cleanUpNilContainers()
 */

class WeakCollection<T>: RangeReplaceableCollection, ExpressibleByArrayLiteral {
    typealias Index = Int
    typealias Element = T
    typealias Iterator = IndexingIterator<[Element]>

    private var weakContainers: [WeakReferenceContainer]

    required convenience init(arrayLiteral: Element...) {
        self.init()
        self.weakContainers = WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: arrayLiteral)
    }

    required init() {
        weakContainers = []
    }

    required init<S>(_ elements: S) where S: Sequence, WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
        self.weakContainers = WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: elements)
    }

    static private func createWeakContainers<S>(from weakCollection: S) -> [WeakReferenceContainer] where S: Sequence,
        WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
            return weakCollection.compactMap { WeakReferenceContainer(value: $0 as AnyObject) }
    }

    func append<S>(contentsOf newElements: S) where S: Sequence, WeakCollection.Element == S.Element {
        self.weakContainers.append(contentsOf: WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: newElements))
    }

    var startIndex: Index {
        return references.startIndex
    }

    var endIndex: Index {
        return references.endIndex
    }

    func replaceSubrange<C, R>(_ subrange: R, with newElements: C) where
        C: Collection, R: RangeExpression, WeakCollection.Element == C.Element, WeakCollection.Index == R.Bound {
            weakContainers.replaceSubrange(subrange, with: WeakCollection.createWeakContainers(from: newElements))
    }

    func index(after i: Int) -> Int {
        return references.index(after: i)
    }

    func makeIterator() -> IndexingIterator<[Element]> {
        return references.makeIterator()
    }

    subscript(index: Int) -> Element {
        get {
            return references[index]
        }
        set {
            weakContainers[index] = WeakReferenceContainer(value: newValue as AnyObject)
        }
    }
}

extension WeakCollection {
    private class WeakReferenceContainer {
        private(set) weak var value: AnyObject?

        init(value: AnyObject?) {
            self.value = value
        }
    }

    private func cleanUpNilContainers() {
        weakContainers = weakContainers.compactMap { $0.value == nil ? nil : $0 }
    }

    private var references: [Element] {
        cleanUpNilContainers()
        return weakContainers.compactMap { $0.value as? T }
    }
}
于 2019-08-22T04:39:20.133 回答
2

您可以围绕Array. 或者使用这个库https://github.com/NickRybalko/WeakPointerArray let array = WeakPointerArray<AnyObject>() 它是类型安全的。

于 2017-07-19T14:03:33.940 回答
1

其他答案涵盖了泛型角度。以为我会分享一些涵盖该nil角度的简单代码。

我想要Label应用程序中当前存在的所有 s 的静态数组（偶尔读取），但不想看到nil旧的 s 曾经在哪里。

没什么特别的，这是我的代码......

public struct WeakLabel {
    public weak var label : Label?
    public init(_ label: Label?) {
        self.label = label
    }
}

public class Label : UILabel {
    static var _allLabels = [WeakLabel]()
    public static var allLabels:[WeakLabel] {
        get {
            _allLabels = _allLabels.filter{$0.label != nil}
            return _allLabels.filter{$0.label != nil}.map{$0.label!}
        }
    }
    public required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: coder)
        Label._allLabels.append(WeakLabel(self))
    }
    public override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        Label._allLabels.append(WeakLabel(self))
    }
}
于 2015-09-27T03:29:28.800 回答
0

我基于@Eonil 的工作，因为我喜欢闭包弱绑定策略，但我不想对变量使用函数运算符，因为它感觉非常不直观

相反，我所做的如下：

class Weak<T> where T: AnyObject {
    fileprivate var storedWeakReference: ()->T? = { return nil }

    var value: T? {
        get {
            return storedWeakReference()
        }
    }

    init(_ object: T) {
        self.storedWeakReference = storeWeakReference(object)
    }

    fileprivate func storeWeakReference<T> (_ target:T) -> ()->T? where T: AnyObject {
        return { [weak target] in
            return target
        }
    }
}

这样，您可以执行以下操作：

var a: UIViewController? = UIViewController()
let b = Weak(a)
print(a) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
print(b.value) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
a = nil
print(a) //prints nil
print(b.value) //prints nil
于 2018-08-16T21:36:39.607 回答
0

在许多情况下，返回可取消的会更干净。这允许调用站点决定何时显式销毁值（以及通过 descoping 隐式销毁）：


public protocol Cancellable {
    func cancel()
}

private struct MyValue: Identifiable {
    let id: String
    // ...
}

private class CancellationHandler: Cancellable {
    let handler: () -> ()
    init(handler: @escaping () -> ()) { self.handler = handler }
    func cancel() { handler() }
    deinit { handler() }
}

public class Container {
    private var array = [MyType]()

    public func add() -> Cancellable {
        let value = MyValue(...)
        array.append(value)
        return CancellationHandler {
            array.removeFirst(where: { $0.id == value.id })
        }
    }
}

let cancellable = container.add()

// Both cancellable.cancel() and the cancellable descoping 
// will call the `cancel` function, removing the value from array.
于 2022-01-20T18:09:20.483 回答
0

这是我的解决方案：

  • 释放时清理数组，因为 WeakObjectSet 正在存储而不是离开 WeakObject
  • 解决Set 中发现重复元素时的致命错误

--

// MARK: - WeakObjectSet 

public class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {

    // MARK: Public propreties

    public weak var object: T?
    public var hashValue: Int {
        return self.identifier.hashValue
    }

    // MARK: Private propreties

    private let identifier: ObjectIdentifier

    // MARK: Initializer

    public init(object: T) {
        self.identifier = ObjectIdentifier(object)
        self.object = object
    }

    public static func == (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
        return lhs.identifier == rhs.identifier
    }
}

// MARK: - WeakObjectSet

public class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {

    // MARK: Public propreties

    public var allObjects: [T] {
        return allSetObjects.compactMap { $0.object }
    }

    // MARK: Private propreties

    private var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>
    private var allSetObjects: Set<WeakObject<T>> {
        get {
            objects = self.objects.filter { $0.object != nil }
            return objects
        }
        set {
            objects.formUnion(newValue.filter { $0.object != nil })
        }
    }

    // MARK: Initializer

    public init() {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
    }

    public init(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }

    // MARK: Public function

    public func contains(_ object: T) -> Bool {
        return self.allSetObjects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    public func addObject(_ object: T) {
        self.allSetObjects.insert(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    public func addObjects(_ objects: [T]) {
        objects.forEach { self.allSetObjects.insert(WeakObject(object: $0)) }
    }
}
于 2019-02-06T21:59:59.530 回答
0

感谢这里提供的所有建议解决方案。由于强数组引用，我遇到了同样的内存泄漏问题，并且对象包装器解决方案运行良好。一个注意事项；我看到了通过将数组替换为过滤数组来压缩数组的示例。到目前为止，我更喜欢使用 removeAll 方法，例如，receiveLinks.removeAll( where: { $0.receiveLink == receiveLink } ) 我一直假设 Array 使用 NSMutableArray 并且替换 Array 对象与从中删除元素不同数组，尤其是当数组有多个引用时。在我看来， removeAll 会更有效率。

于 2021-08-16T08:02:32.133 回答