我开始使用 Azure 角色内缓存，并且在我的本地计算机上的 Azure 计算模拟器中一切正常，但在服务器上却不行。我已经处理了一些问题，例如服务器上缺少 msshrtmi.dll，但现在不明白为什么会出现此错误：
Not running in a hosted service or the Development Fabric.
Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
Exception Details: System.InvalidOperationException: Not running in a hosted service or the Development Fabric.
Source Error:
An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below.
Stack Trace:
[InvalidOperationException: Not running in a hosted service or the Development Fabric.]
Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics.DiagnosticMonitor.GetDefaultStartupInfoForCurrentRoleInstance() +535
Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics.DiagnosticMonitorTraceListener..ctor() +34
[ConfigurationErrorsException: Could not create Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics.DiagnosticMonitorTraceListener, Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics, Version=2.3.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35.]
System.Diagnostics.TraceUtils.GetRuntimeObject(String className, Type baseType, String initializeData) +1588
System.Diagnostics.TypedElement.BaseGetRuntimeObject() +103
System.Diagnostics.ListenerElement.GetRuntimeObject() +825
System.Diagnostics.ListenerElementsCollection.GetRuntimeObject() +261
System.Diagnostics.TraceInternal.get_Listeners() +256
System.Diagnostics.Trace.get_Listeners() +79
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.DataCacheServerLogManager..cctor() +97
[TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.DataCacheServerLogManager' threw an exception.]
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.DataCacheServerLogManager.ChangeLogLevel(TraceLevel traceLevel) +0
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.ServiceConfigurationManager..cctor() +24
[TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.ServiceConfigurationManager' threw an exception.]
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.ServiceConfigurationManager.GetHostDefaults() +0
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.OMCacheNodeProperties..ctor(IHostConfiguration props, Int32 maxNC, Boolean perfCounterRequired) +69
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.LocalCacheStore..ctor(EvictionParametrs evictionParams) +50
Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.DataCacheFactory..ctor(DataCacheFactoryConfiguration configuration) +555
Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DataCacheFactoryWrapper.CreateDataCacheFactoryFromConfiguration(DataCacheFactoryConfiguration config) +35
Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.CacheHelpers.RunCacheCreationHooks(CacheConnectingEventArgs fetchingEventArgs, IDataCacheFactory dataCacheFactory, Object sender, EventHandler`1 fetchingHandler, EventHandler`1 fetchedHandler) +70
Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DistributedCacheOutputCacheProvider.CreateInternalProvider(IHttpRuntime httpRuntime, OutputCacheInitializationData initData, IDataCacheFactory dataCacheFactory, EventHandler`1 cacheFetching, EventHandler`1 cacheFetched) +123
Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DistributedCacheOutputCacheProvider.GetInternalProvider() +224
Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DistributedCacheOutputCacheProvider.Get(String key) +13
System.Web.Caching.OutputCache.Get(String key) +80
System.Web.Caching.OutputCacheModule.OnEnter(Object source, EventArgs eventArgs) +321
System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +182
System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +165
我发现有关此错误的所有信息是，如果您启动具有角色内缓存且没有管理权限的本地 Azure 计算模拟器，则会发生此错误。但是在模拟器中一切正常，只有在我发布到暂存环境后才会出现问题。（如果切换到生产，错误仍然存在）。
我使用缓存来解析 /username 和 /countryname 等路由。因此，可用的用户名和国家/地区名称将被缓存并根据数据库的更改进行更新。我有带有静态 DataCache 对象的静态类，该对象是在第一次缓存请求时创建的。但即使是主页也没有启动，所以在我尝试创建缓存对象之前会发生错误。
网络配置。我是否从 web.config 中删除所有缓存和缓存诊断相关配置，应用程序启动。
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="dataCacheClients" type="Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.DataCacheClientsSection, Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.Core" allowLocation="true" allowDefinition="Everywhere" />
<section name="cacheDiagnostics" type="Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.AzureCommon.DiagnosticsConfigurationSection, Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.AzureCommon" allowLocation="true" allowDefinition="Everywhere" /></configSections>
<system.diagnostics>
<trace>
<listeners>
<add type="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics.DiagnosticMonitorTraceListener, Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics, Version=2.3.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" name="AzureDiagnostics" />
</listeners>
</trace>
</system.diagnostics>
<system.data>
<DbProviderFactories>
<add name="Sql Azure Reliable Provider" invariant="ReliableDbProvider.SqlAzure" description="Reliable Db Provider for SQL Azure" type="ReliableDbProvider.SqlAzure.SqlAzureProvider, ReliableDbProvider" />
<add name="Sql Azure Reliable Provider With Timeout Retries" invariant="ReliableDbProvider.SqlAzureWithTimeoutRetries" description="Reliable Db Provider for SQL Azure with Timeout Retries" type="ReliableDbProvider.SqlAzureWithTimeoutRetries.SqlAzureProvider, ReliableDbProvider" />
</DbProviderFactories>
</system.data>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="AppDB" connectionString="value" />
<add name="StorageConnectionString" connectionString="value" />
</connectionStrings>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="2.0.0.0" />
<add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
</appSettings>
<!--
For a description of web.config changes see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=235367.
The following attributes can be set on the <httpRuntime> tag.
<system.Web>
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
</system.Web>
-->
<system.web>
<customErrors mode="Off" />
<roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="provider">
<providers>
<clear />
<remove name="AspNetSqlRoleProvider" />
<add name="name" type="type" />
</providers>
</roleManager>
<membership defaultProvider="provider">
<providers>
<clear />
<remove name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" />
<add name="name" type="type" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="true" passwordFormat="Hashed" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="8" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression="" applicationName="name" />
</providers>
</membership>
<machineKey validationKey="key" decryptionKey="key" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" />
<httpCookies httpOnlyCookies="true" requireSSL="false" />
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms loginUrl="~/account/logon" protection="All" path="/" enableCrossAppRedirects="true" timeout="2880" />
</authentication>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5">
<assemblies>
<add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Helpers, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.WebPages, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
</assemblies>
</compilation>
<pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="4.0">
<namespaces>
<add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
<add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Optimization" />
</namespaces>
</pages>
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="1048576" />
<globalization enableClientBasedCulture="true" uiCulture="auto" culture="auto" />
<!-- Windows Azure Cache session state provider --><!--<sessionState mode="Custom" customProvider="AFCacheSessionStateProvider">
<providers>
<add name="AFCacheSessionStateProvider" type="Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DistributedCacheSessionStateStoreProvider, Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache" cacheName="default" dataCacheClientName="default" applicationName="AFCacheSessionState"/>
</providers>
</sessionState>--><!-- Windows Azure Cache output cache provider --><!--Uncomment this section to use Windows Azure Cache for output cache-->
<caching>
<outputCache defaultProvider="AFCacheOutputCacheProvider">
<providers>
<add name="AFCacheOutputCacheProvider" type="Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache.DistributedCacheOutputCacheProvider, Microsoft.Web.DistributedCache" cacheName="default" dataCacheClientName="default" applicationName="AFCacheOutputCache" />
</providers>
</outputCache>
</caching>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
<staticContent>
<clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="30.00:00:00" />
</staticContent>
<validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="false" />
<directoryBrowse enabled="false" />
<httpProtocol>
<customHeaders>
<!-- Enable Cross Domain AJAX calls -->
<remove name="Access-Control-Allow-Origin" />
<add name="Access-Control-Allow-Origin" value="*" />
</customHeaders>
</httpProtocol>
<handlers>
<add name="UrlRoutingHandler" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingHandler, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" path="path" verb="GET" />
<add name="UrlRoutingHandlerEmailLogo" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingHandler,System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" path="path" verb="GET" />
<add name="UrlRoutingHandlerSitemap" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingHandler, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" path="path" verb="GET" />
</handlers>
</system.webServer>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Abstractions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.2.0.0" newVersion="2.2.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<system.net>
<mailSettings>
<smtp deliveryMethod="Network">
<network host="host" userName="username" password="password" />
</smtp>
</mailSettings>
</system.net>
<system.web.extensions>
<scripting>
<webServices>
<jsonSerialization maxJsonLength="2147483644" />
</webServices>
</scripting>
</system.web.extensions>
<dataCacheClients>
<dataCacheClient name="default">
<autoDiscover isEnabled="true" identifier="sub2o" />
<localCache isEnabled="true" sync="TimeoutBased" objectCount="100000" ttlValue="300" />
</dataCacheClient>
</dataCacheClients>
<cacheDiagnostics>
<crashDump dumpLevel="Off" dumpStorageQuotaInMB="100" />
</cacheDiagnostics>
</configuration>
服务配置.Cloud.cscfg
<ServiceConfiguration serviceName="WindowsAzure" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration" osFamily="3" osVersion="*" schemaVersion="2013-10.2.2">
<Role name="sub2o">
<Instances count="1" />
<ConfigurationSettings>
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Diagnostics.ConnectionString" value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=name;AccountKey=key" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteAccess.Enabled" value="true" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteAccess.AccountUsername" value="username" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteAccess.AccountEncryptedPassword" value="password" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteAccess.AccountExpiration" value="2014-09-07T23:59:59.0000000+04:00" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteForwarder.Enabled" value="true" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.AccountId" value="ID" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.InstrumentationKey" value="KEY" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.EnableMonitoring" value="true" />
<!-- Uncomment the following section if you want to change the Display Name of your application on the Application Insights Portal. (Default is your WebRole Name)-->
<!--<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.DisplayName" value="Name" />-->
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.ClientDiagnosticLevel" value="1" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.NamedCaches" value="{"caches":[{"name":"default","policy":{"eviction":{"type":0},"expiration":{"defaultTTL":10,"isExpirable":true,"type":1},"serverNotification":{"isEnabled":false}},"secondaries":0}]}" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.DiagnosticLevel" value="1" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.CacheSizePercentage" value="30" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.ConfigStoreConnectionString" value="DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=name;AccountKey=key" />
</ConfigurationSettings>
<Certificates>
<Certificate name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.RemoteAccess.PasswordEncryption" thumbprint="value" thumbprintAlgorithm="sha1" />
</Certificates>
</Role>
</ServiceConfiguration>
服务定义.csdef
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ServiceDefinition name="WindowsAzure" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceDefinition" schemaVersion="2013-10.2.2">
<WebRole name="sub2o" vmsize="Small">
<Sites>
<Site name="Web">
<Bindings>
<Binding name="Endpoint1" endpointName="Endpoint1" />
</Bindings>
</Site>
</Sites>
<Endpoints>
<InputEndpoint name="Endpoint1" protocol="http" port="80" />
</Endpoints>
<Imports>
<Import moduleName="Diagnostics" />
<Import moduleName="RemoteAccess" />
<Import moduleName="RemoteForwarder" />
<Import moduleName="Caching" />
</Imports>
<Startup priority="-2">
<Task commandLine="AppInsightsAgent\UnifiedBootstrap.bat" executionContext="elevated" taskType="background">
</Task>
<Task commandLine="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Caching\ClientPerfCountersInstaller.exe install" executionContext="elevated" taskType="simple" />
</Startup>
<ConfigurationSettings>
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.AccountId" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.InstrumentationKey" />
<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.EnableMonitoring" />
<!-- Uncomment the following section if you want to change the Display Name of your application on the Application Insights Portal. (Default is your WebRole Name)-->
<!--<Setting name="Microsoft.AppInsights.DisplayName" />-->
<Setting name="Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Plugins.Caching.ClientDiagnosticLevel" />
</ConfigurationSettings>
<LocalResources>
<LocalStorage name="DiagnosticStore" sizeInMB="20000" cleanOnRoleRecycle="false" />
</LocalResources>
</WebRole>
</ServiceDefinition>