c - 我如何注意到安装了某些东西

Question

我希望我的程序总是知道所有的挂载点。在快速谷歌之后，我发现 getmntent() 和朋友可以告诉我安装了什么。我意识到每次我需要知道安装了什么时我都可以这样做，但是有什么方法可以识别什么时候安装/卸载，这样我就不必继续阅读文件了？这是dBus的作用吗？

任何提示都会有所帮助。我正在尝试开始编程（我在 2002 年上大学时参加了 C 课程。）并找到了我想在开源程序中实现的功能。

score 3 · Accepted Answer

如果您正在为 Linux 编写代码（或者仍在使用 GNOME 库），GNOME 的 GIO 提供了一个很好的 API。这是我用 C 语言编写的一个使用 GTK 和 GIO 的简单驱动监视器：

#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct {
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *vbox;
    GtkWidget *scrolled_window;
    GtkWidget *view;
    GtkWidget *button;

    GtkListStore *store;
    GVolumeMonitor *monitor;
} Context[1];

enum {
    COL_DRIVE,
    COL_ICON,
    COL_NAME,
    NUM_COLS
};

static int find_drive(GtkTreeModel *model, GDrive *drive, GtkTreeIter *iter)
{
    gboolean valid;

    valid = gtk_tree_model_get_iter_first(model, iter);
    while (valid) {
        GDrive *cur;
        gtk_tree_model_get(model, iter, COL_DRIVE, &cur, -1);

        if (cur == drive)
            return 1;

        valid = gtk_tree_model_iter_next(model, iter);
    }

    return 0;
}

static void set_drive_iter(Context ctx, GDrive *drive, GtkTreeIter *iter)
{
    GIcon *icon = g_drive_get_icon(drive);
    gchar *name = g_drive_get_name(drive);

    gtk_list_store_set(ctx->store, iter,
        COL_DRIVE, drive,
        COL_ICON, icon,
        COL_NAME, name,
        -1);

    g_free(name);
}

static void add_drive(Context ctx, GDrive *drive)
{
    GtkTreeIter iter;
    gtk_list_store_append(ctx->store, &iter);
    set_drive_iter(ctx, drive, &iter);
}

static void refresh_drive_list(Context ctx)
{
    GList *drives, *l;
    drives = g_volume_monitor_get_connected_drives(ctx->monitor);

    gtk_list_store_clear(ctx->store);

    for (l = drives; l; l = l->next)
        add_drive(ctx, l->data);
}

static void update_drive(Context ctx, GDrive *drive)
{
    GtkTreeModel *model = GTK_TREE_MODEL(ctx->store);
    GtkTreeIter iter;

    if (find_drive(model, drive, &iter))
        set_drive_iter(ctx, drive, &iter);
    else
        refresh_drive_list(ctx); //Shouldn't happen
}

static void remove_drive(Context ctx, GDrive *drive)
{
    GtkTreeModel *model = GTK_TREE_MODEL(ctx->store);
    GtkTreeIter iter;

    if (find_drive(model, drive, &iter))
        gtk_list_store_remove(ctx->store, &iter);
    else
        refresh_drive_list(ctx); //Shouldn't happen
}

static void init_drive_list(Context ctx)
{
    ctx->store = gtk_list_store_new(3, G_TYPE_POINTER, G_TYPE_ICON, G_TYPE_STRING);
    refresh_drive_list(ctx);
}

static void init_drive_view(Context ctx)
{
    GtkTreeViewColumn *column;
    GtkCellRenderer *renderer;

    ctx->view = gtk_tree_view_new_with_model(GTK_TREE_MODEL(ctx->store));
    g_object_set(ctx->view,
        "headers-visible", FALSE,
        NULL);

    renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_pixbuf_new();
    g_object_set(renderer, "stock-size", GTK_ICON_SIZE_DIALOG, NULL);
    column = gtk_tree_view_column_new_with_attributes("Icon", renderer, "gicon", COL_ICON, NULL);
    gtk_tree_view_column_set_resizable(column, TRUE);
    gtk_tree_view_append_column(GTK_TREE_VIEW(ctx->view), column);

    renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new();
    column = gtk_tree_view_column_new_with_attributes("Name", renderer, "text", COL_NAME, NULL);
    gtk_tree_view_column_set_resizable(column, TRUE);
    gtk_tree_view_append_column(GTK_TREE_VIEW(ctx->view), column);
}

static void print_drive_info(GDrive *drive)
{
    GIcon *icon;
    gchar *name, *icon_string;

    name = g_drive_get_name(drive);
    icon = g_drive_get_icon(drive);
    icon_string = g_icon_to_string(icon);
    g_object_unref(icon);

    g_print("\tname: %s\n\ticon: %s\n",
        name ? name : "(null)",
        icon_string ? icon_string : "(null)");

    g_free(name);
    g_free(icon_string);
}

static void on_drive_changed(GVolumeMonitor *volume_monitor, GDrive *drive, Context ctx)
{
    g_print("Drive changed:\n");
    print_drive_info(drive);
    update_drive(ctx, drive);
}

static void on_drive_connected(GVolumeMonitor *volume_monitor, GDrive *drive, Context ctx)
{
    g_print("Drive connected:\n");
    print_drive_info(drive);
    add_drive(ctx, drive);
}

static void on_drive_disconnected(GVolumeMonitor *volume_monitor, GDrive *drive, Context ctx)
{
    g_print("Drive disconnected:\n");
    print_drive_info(drive);
    remove_drive(ctx, drive);
}

static void on_refresh_clicked(GtkButton *button, Context ctx)
{
    refresh_drive_list(ctx);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Context ctx;
    memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    ctx->window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    g_signal_connect(ctx->window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

    ctx->vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0);
    gtk_widget_show(ctx->vbox);
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(ctx->window), ctx->vbox);

    ctx->scrolled_window = gtk_scrolled_window_new(NULL, NULL);
    gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy(
        GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW(ctx->scrolled_window),
        GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC,
        GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);
    gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(ctx->vbox), ctx->scrolled_window, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
    gtk_widget_show(ctx->scrolled_window);

    ctx->monitor = g_volume_monitor_get();
    g_signal_connect(ctx->monitor, "drive-changed", G_CALLBACK(on_drive_changed), ctx);
    g_signal_connect(ctx->monitor, "drive-connected", G_CALLBACK(on_drive_connected), ctx);
    g_signal_connect(ctx->monitor, "drive-disconnected", G_CALLBACK(on_drive_disconnected), ctx);

    init_drive_list(ctx);
    init_drive_view(ctx);
    gtk_widget_show(ctx->view);
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(ctx->scrolled_window), ctx->view);

    ctx->button = gtk_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_REFRESH);
    g_signal_connect(ctx->button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(on_refresh_clicked), ctx);
    gtk_widget_show(ctx->button);
    gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(ctx->vbox), ctx->button, FALSE, FALSE, 0);

    gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(ctx->window), 500, 500);
    gtk_widget_show(ctx->window);

    gtk_main();
    return 0;
}

用编译gcc $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0) volumes.c -o volumes。通过运行它进行测试，然后插入笔式驱动器。它应该即时更新。它甚至显示适当的图标。

请注意，这监视驱动器，而不是安装。GVolumeMonitor 也可以监控挂载（参见 devhelp 中的“mount-added”和“mount-removed”）。您必须了解一点 GObject 系统才能使用它。祝你好运！

score 1 · Accepted Answer

基于对的提及getmntent()，我猜你正在处理 Linux（其他 Unices 也包括它，但它们现在不太常见......）。如果是这种情况，man inotify应该让你开始。

c - 我如何注意到安装了某些东西

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