问题
VS2010 和 TFS2010 支持创建所谓的编码 UI 测试。我找到的所有演示都是从编码 UI 测试开始时已经在后台运行的 WPF 应用程序开始，或者使用它的绝对路径启动 EXE。
但是，我想从单元测试代码中启动我正在测试的 WPF 应用程序。这样它也可以在构建服务器和我对等的工作副本上工作。
我该如何做到这一点？
到目前为止我的发现
a) 这篇文章展示了如何启动 XAML 窗口。但这不是我想要的。我想启动 App.xaml，因为它包含 XAML 资源并且代码隐藏文件中有应用程序逻辑。
b）这篇文章的第二个屏幕截图显示了一行以
ApplicationUnterTest calculatorWindow = ApplicationUnderTest.Launch(...);
这在概念上几乎是我正在寻找的，除了这个例子再次使用可执行文件的绝对路径。
c) Google 搜索“以编程方式启动 WPF”也无济于事。
MyProject.App myApp = new MyProject.App();
myApp.InitializeComponent();
myApp.Run();
我在 VS2008 中做类似的事情，并使用 UI Spy 手动创建测试来帮助我识别控件和一些辅助方法（未显示）来触发按钮单击并验证屏幕上的值。我使用 Process 对象在 TestInitialize 方法中启动我正在测试的应用程序，并在 TestCleanup 方法中关闭进程。我有多种方法可以确保该过程在 CleanUp 中完全关闭。至于绝对路径问题，我只是以编程方式查找当前路径并附加我的应用程序的可执行文件。由于我不知道应用程序启动需要多长时间，所以我在主窗口中放置了一个 AutomationId 并将其设置为“UserApplicationWindow”并等待它可见，当然，您可能还有其他可以等待的东西. 最后，
[TestClass]
public class MyTestClass
{
private Process _userAppProcess;
private AutomationElement _userApplicationElement ;
/// <summary>
/// Gets the current directory where the executables are located.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The current directory of the executables.</returns>
private static String GetCurrentDirectory()
{
return Path.GetDirectoryName(new Uri(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase).AbsolutePath).Replace("%20", " ");
}
[TestInitialize]
public void SetUp()
{
Thread appThread = new Thread(delegate()
{
_userAppProcess = new Process();
_userAppProcess.StartInfo.FileName =GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\UserApplication.exe";
_userAppProcess.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = DirectoryUtils.GetCurrentDirectory();
_userAppProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
_userAppProcess.Start();
});
appThread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
appThread.Start();
WaitForApplication();
}
private void WaitForApplication()
{
AutomationElement aeDesktop = AutomationElement.RootElement;
if (aeDesktop == null)
{
throw new Exception("Unable to get Desktop");
}
_userApplicationElement = null;
do
{
_userApplicationElement = aeDesktop.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children,
new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "UserApplicationWindow"));
Thread.Sleep(200);
} while ( (_userApplicationElement == null || _userApplicationElement.Current.IsOffscreen) );
}
[TestCleanup]
public void CleanUp()
{
try
{
// Tell the application's main window to close.
WindowPattern window = _userApplicationElement.GetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern) as WindowPattern ;
window.Close();
if (!_userAppProcess.WaitForExit(3000))
{
// We waited 3 seconds for the User Application to close on its own.
// Send a close request again through the process class.
_userAppProcess.CloseMainWindow();
}
// All done trying to close the window, terminate the process
_userAppProcess.Close();
_userAppProcess = null;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// I know this is bad, but catching the world is better than letting it fail.
}
}
}
我最终使用了 ApplicationUnderTest.Launch(...) ( MSDN )，它是在使用 Microsoft 测试管理器记录自动化测试时自动创建的。
这是我刚刚拼凑起来的，它成功地对 caliburn micro 进行了单元测试：
[TestFixture]
public class when_running_bootstrapper
{
[Test]
public void it_should_request_its_view_model()
{
TestFactory.PerformRun(b =>
CollectionAssert.Contains(b.Requested, typeof(SampleViewModel).FullName));
}
[Test]
public void it_should_request_a_window_manager_on_dotnet()
{
TestFactory.PerformRun(b =>
CollectionAssert.Contains(b.Requested, typeof(IWindowManager).FullName));
}
[Test]
public void it_should_release_the_window_manager_once()
{
TestFactory.PerformRun(b =>
Assert.That(b.ReleasesFor<IWindowManager>(), Is.EqualTo(1)));
}
[Test]
public void it_should_release_the_root_view_model_once()
{
TestFactory.PerformRun(b =>
Assert.That(b.ReleasesFor<SampleViewModel>(), Is.EqualTo(1)));
}
}
static class TestFactory
{
public static void PerformRun(Action<TestBootStrapper> testLogic)
{
var stackTrace = new StackTrace();
var name = stackTrace.GetFrames().First(x => x.GetMethod().Name.StartsWith("it_should")).GetMethod().Name;
var tmpDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain(name,
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence,
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory,
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath,
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ShadowCopyFiles);
var proxy = (Wrapper)tmpDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(typeof (TestFactory).Assembly.FullName, typeof (Wrapper).FullName);
try
{
testLogic(proxy.Bootstrapper);
}
finally
{
AppDomain.Unload(tmpDomain);
}
}
}
[Serializable]
public class Wrapper
: MarshalByRefObject
{
TestBootStrapper _bootstrapper;
public Wrapper()
{
var t = new Thread(() =>
{
var app = new Application();
_bootstrapper = new TestBootStrapper(app);
app.Run();
});
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
t.Join();
}
public TestBootStrapper Bootstrapper
{
get { return _bootstrapper; }
}
}
[Serializable]
public class TestBootStrapper
: Bootstrapper<SampleViewModel>
{
[NonSerialized]
readonly Application _application;
[NonSerialized]
readonly Dictionary<Type, object> _defaults = new Dictionary<Type, object>
{
{ typeof(IWindowManager), new WindowManager() }
};
readonly Dictionary<string, uint> _releases = new Dictionary<string, uint>();
readonly List<string> _requested = new List<string>();
public TestBootStrapper(Application application)
{
_application = application;
}
protected override object GetInstance(Type service, string key)
{
_requested.Add(service.FullName);
if (_defaults.ContainsKey(service))
return _defaults[service];
return new SampleViewModel();
}
protected override void ReleaseInstance(object instance)
{
var type = instance.GetType();
var t = (type.GetInterfaces().FirstOrDefault() ?? type).FullName;
if (!_releases.ContainsKey(t))
_releases[t] = 1;
else
_releases[t] = _releases[t] + 1;
}
protected override IEnumerable<object> GetAllInstances(Type service)
{
throw new NotSupportedException("Not in this test");
}
protected override void BuildUp(object instance)
{
throw new NotSupportedException("Not in this test");
}
protected override void Configure()
{
base.Configure();
}
protected override void OnExit(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
base.OnExit(sender, e);
}
protected override void OnStartup(object sender, System.Windows.StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(sender, e);
_application.Shutdown(0);
}
protected override IEnumerable<System.Reflection.Assembly> SelectAssemblies()
{
return new[] { typeof(TestBootStrapper).Assembly };
}
public IEnumerable<string> Requested
{
get { return _requested; }
}
public uint ReleasesFor<T>()
{
if (_releases.ContainsKey(typeof(T).FullName))
return _releases[typeof (T).FullName];
return 0u;
}
}
[Serializable]
public class SampleViewModel
{
}
这可能不是您想要的，但我的 WPF 应用程序及其编码的 UI 测试也有类似的问题。就我而言，我使用的是 TFS 构建（通过 Lab 模板），它的部署获取我们构建的输出；MSI 并将其安装在目标上，然后针对已安装的软件运行测试。
现在因为我们想要针对已安装的软件进行测试，我们添加了测试初始化方法来启动我们测试的 GUI，方法是调用 MSI API 来获取安装程序中产品/组件 GUID 的安装文件夹。
这是一个代码摘录，请记住从您的安装程序中替换您的产品和组件 GUIDS）
/// <summary>
/// Starts the GUI.
/// </summary>
public void StartGui()
{
Console.WriteLine("Starting GUI process...");
try
{
var path = this.DetectInstalledCopy();
var workingDir = path;
var exePath = Path.Combine(path, "gui.exe");
//// or ApplicationUnderTest.Launch() ???
Console.Write("Starting new GUI process... ");
this.guiProcess = Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
{
WorkingDirectory = workingDir,
FileName = exePath,
LoadUserProfile = true,
UseShellExecute = false
});
Console.WriteLine("started GUI process (id:{0})", this.guiProcess.Id);
}
catch (Win32Exception e)
{
this.guiProcess = null;
Assert.Fail("Unable to start GUI process; exception {0}", e);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Detects the installed copy.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The folder in which the MSI installed the GUI feature of the cortex 7 product.</returns>
private string DetectInstalledCopy()
{
Console.WriteLine("Looking for install directory of CORTEX 7 GUI app");
int buffLen = 1024;
var buff = new StringBuilder(buffLen);
var ret = NativeMethods.MsiGetComponentPath(
"{XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}", // YOUR product GUID (see WiX installer)
"{YYYYYYYY-YYYY-YYYY-YYYY-YYYYYYYYYYYY}", // The GUI Installer component GUID
buff,
ref buffLen);
if (ret == NativeMethods.InstallstateLocal)
{
var productInstallRoot = buff.ToString();
Console.WriteLine("Found installation directory for GUI.exe feature at {0}", productInstallRoot);
return productInstallRoot;
}
Assert.Fail("GUI product has not been installed on this PC, or not for this user if it was installed as a per-user product");
return string.Empty;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stops the GUI process. Initially by asking nicely, then chopping its head off if it takes too long to leave.
/// </summary>
public void StopGui()
{
if (this.guiProcess != null)
{
Console.Write("Closing GUI process (id:[{0}])... ", this.guiProcess.Id);
if (!this.guiProcess.HasExited)
{
this.guiProcess.CloseMainWindow();
if (!this.guiProcess.WaitForExit(30.SecondsAsMilliseconds()))
{
Assert.Fail("Killing GUI process, it failed to close within 30 seconds of being asked to close");
this.guiProcess.Kill();
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("GUI process closed gracefully");
}
}
this.guiProcess.Close(); // dispose of resources, were done with the object.
this.guiProcess = null;
}
}
这是 API 包装器代码：
/// <summary>
/// Get the component path.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="product">The product GUI as string with {}.</param>
/// <param name="component">The component GUI as string with {}.</param>
/// <param name="pathBuf">The path buffer.</param>
/// <param name="buff">The buffer to receive the path (use a <see cref="StringBuilder"/>).</param>
/// <returns>A obscure Win32 API error code.</returns>
[DllImport("MSI.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
internal static extern uint MsiGetComponentPath(
string product,
string component,
StringBuilder pathBuf,
ref int buff);