我正在尝试创建一个dict
仅包含有限数量的 MRU 条目(用于帮助缓存我通过 ctypes 调用的昂贵 C 函数的输出)。这是代码:
from collections import OrderedDict
class MRUDict(OrderedDict):
def __init__(self, capacity = 64):
super().__init__()
self.__checkAndSetCapacity(capacity)
def capacity(self):
return self.__capacity
def setCapacity(self, capacity):
self.__checkAndSetCapacity(capacity)
for i in range(len(self) - capacity):
self.__evict() # will execute only if len > capacity
def __getitem__(self, key):
value = super().__getitem__(key)
# if above raises IndexError, next line won't execute
print("Moving key {} to last i.e. MRU position".format(key))
super().move_to_end(key)
return value
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if key in self:
super().move_to_end(key)
else: # new key
if len(self) == self.__capacity:
self.__evict()
super().__setitem__(key, value)
def __evict(self):
key, value = self.popitem(last = False) # pop first i.e. oldest item
print("Capacity exceeded. Evicting ({}, {})".format(key, value))
def __checkAndSetCapacity(self, capacity):
if not isinstance(capacity, int):
raise TypeError("Capacity should be an int.")
if capacity == 0:
raise ValueError("Capacity should not be zero.")
self.__capacity = capacity
...这是测试代码:
def printkeys(d):
print("Current keys in order:", tuple(d)) # here d means d.keys()
print()
from mrudict import MRUDict
print("Creating MRUDict with capacity 5.")
d = MRUDict(5)
print("Adding keys 0 to 7 with values:")
for i in range(8): d[i] = i + 0.1
printkeys(d)
print("Calling str on object:")
print(d) # test of default __repr__ (since probably __str__ is the same here)
printkeys(d)
print("Accessing existing key 4:")
print(4, d[4]) # test of __getitem__
printkeys(d)
try:
print("Accessing non-existing key 20:")
print(20, d[20]) # test of __getitem__
except:
print("Caught exception: key does not exist.")
printkeys(d)
print("Updating value of existing key 6:")
d[6] = 6.6 # test of __setitem__ with existing key
printkeys(d)
print("Adding new key, value pair:")
d[10] = 10.1 # test of __setitem__ with non-existing key
printkeys(d)
print("Testing for presence of key 3:")
print(3 in d)
printkeys(d)
print("Trying to loop over the items:")
for k in d: print(k, d[k])
printkeys(d)
print("Trying to loop over the items:")
for k, v in d.items(): print(k, v)
printkeys(d)
现在从输出来看,我在实现该__getitem__
函数时似乎有点天真,因为__repr__
and for ... in
(我在这里猜测,调用__iter__
then __getitem__
)都会导致第一项作为 MRU 移动到最后一项,但无法继续进行,因为迭代器没有“下一个”项,因为它现在指向最后一个元素。但我不确定我能做些什么来解决这种情况。我应该重新实现__iter__
吗?
我不确定如何区分用户的呼叫__getitem__
和内部呼叫。当然,一种解决方法是让用户使用一种find()
方法来完成移动到结束的事情,但我真的很希望能够使用常规语法d[k]
。
请告知如何解决此问题。谢谢!