我想根据系统驱动器是否为 SSD 来更改我的 C++ 应用程序的性能和行为。例子：
我看过http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/windows/desktop/aa364939(v=vs.85).aspx，这是一种确定某个驱动器是否为 HDD、CD 的方法ROM、DVD ROM、Removable Media 等，但仍然无法检测主系统驱动器是否为 SSD。我还看到了有什么方法可以检测驱动器是否为 SSD？，但该解决方案仅适用于 Linux。
我认为我可以以某种方式生成一大笔罚款（500MB），然后计算写入文件所需的时间，但是其他系统变量很容易影响结果。
在 Windows 中，使用 C++，有没有办法获得主系统驱动器是否是 SSD？
完成一些研究并使用此页面上答案中的信息后，这是我在 Windows 7 及更高版本中使用 C WinAPI 的实现：
//Open drive as such: "\\?\PhysicalDriveX" where X is the drive number
//INFO: To get drive number from a logical drive letter, check this method:
// (But keep in mind that a single logical drive, or a volume,
// can span across several physical drives, as a "spanned volume.")
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/11683906/843732
#include <WinIoCtl.h>
#include <Ntddscsi.h>
DWORD bytesReturned;
//As an example, let's test 1st physical drive
HANDLE hDevice = ::CreateFile(L"\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive0",
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, //We need write access to send ATA command to read RPMs
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if(hDevice != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
//Check TRIM -- should be Y for SSD
_tprintf(L"TRIM=");
STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY spqTrim;
spqTrim.PropertyId = (STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceTrimProperty;
spqTrim.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;
bytesReturned = 0;
DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR dtd = {0};
if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
&spqTrim, sizeof(spqTrim), &dtd, sizeof(dtd), &bytesReturned, NULL) &&
bytesReturned == sizeof(dtd))
{
//Got it
_tprintf(L"%s", dtd.TrimEnabled ? L"Y" : L"N");
}
else
{
//Failed
int err = ::GetLastError();
_tprintf(L"?");
}
//Check the seek-penalty value -- should be N for SSD
_tprintf(L", seekPenalty=");
STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY spqSeekP;
spqSeekP.PropertyId = (STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty;
spqSeekP.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;
bytesReturned = 0;
DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR dspd = {0};
if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
&spqSeekP, sizeof(spqSeekP), &dspd, sizeof(dspd), &bytesReturned, NULL) &&
bytesReturned == sizeof(dspd))
{
//Got it
_tprintf(L"%s", dspd.IncursSeekPenalty ? L"Y" : L"N");
}
else
{
//Failed
int err = ::GetLastError();
_tprintf(L"?");
}
//Get drive's RPMs reading -- should be 1 for SSD
//CODE SOURCE: https://emoacht.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/csharp-ssd/
_tprintf(L", RPM=");
ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery id_query;
memset(&id_query, 0, sizeof(id_query));
id_query.header.Length = sizeof(id_query.header);
id_query.header.AtaFlags = ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
id_query.header.DataTransferLength = sizeof(id_query.data);
id_query.header.TimeOutValue = 5; //Timeout in seconds
id_query.header.DataBufferOffset = offsetof(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery, data[0]);
id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile[6] = 0xec; // ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE
bytesReturned = 0;
if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
&id_query, sizeof(id_query), &id_query, sizeof(id_query), &bytesReturned, NULL) &&
bytesReturned == sizeof(id_query))
{
//Got it
//Index of nominal media rotation rate
//SOURCE: http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2009/d2015r1a-ATAATAPI_Command_Set_-_2_ACS-2.pdf
// 7.18.7.81 Word 217
//QUOTE: Word 217 indicates the nominal media rotation rate of the device and is defined in table:
// Value Description
// --------------------------------
// 0000h Rate not reported
// 0001h Non-rotating media (e.g., solid state device)
// 0002h-0400h Reserved
// 0401h-FFFEh Nominal media rotation rate in rotations per minute (rpm)
// (e.g., 7 200 rpm = 1C20h)
// FFFFh Reserved
#define kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex 217
_tprintf(L"%d", (UINT)id_query.data[kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex]);
}
else
{
//Failed
int err = ::GetLastError();
_tprintf(L"?");
}
_tprintf(L"\n");
::CloseHandle(hDevice);
}
如果您没有包含驱动程序 DDK，这里有一些定义：
#ifndef StorageDeviceTrimProperty
#define StorageDeviceTrimProperty 8
#endif
#ifndef DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR
typedef struct _DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR {
DWORD Version;
DWORD Size;
BOOLEAN TrimEnabled;
} DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR, *PDEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif
#ifndef StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty
#define StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty 7
#endif
#ifndef DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR
typedef struct _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR {
DWORD Version;
DWORD Size;
BOOLEAN IncursSeekPenalty;
} DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR, *PDEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif
struct ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery
{
ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX header;
WORD data[256];
};
最后，我的测试结束。
我有几个通过 SATA 电缆连接的三星 SSD，以及一个使用 PCIe 插槽直接连接到逻辑板的 PCIe SSD 驱动器。我还有一个也通过 SATA 电缆连接的大型内部 Western Digital HDD（旋转驱动器）和几个外部旋转 HDD。
这是我为他们得到的：
Samsung SSD 256GB: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=N, RPM=1
Samsung SSD 500GB: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=N, RPM=1
PCIs SSD: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=?, RPM=0
Internal WD HDD: TRIM=N, seekPenalty=?, RPM=0
External WD HDD: TRIM=?, seekPenalty=?, RPM=?
External Cavalry HDD: TRIM=?, seekPenalty=Y, RPM=?
如您所见，就我而言，唯一对所有 6 个驱动器都正确的参数是 TRIM。我并不是说你的情况也会如此。这只是我对我拥有的驱动器的发现。
我相信你使用了错误的工具。与其假设驱动器是 SSD，不如让代码在慢速和快速驱动器上运行良好，例如先加载基本对象，然后再加载其余对象。在三年内，[...] 的发明可能会使普通硬盘驱动器比 SSD 更快，这会破坏您的代码。纯粹基于速度也适用于 RAM 磁盘、NFS、USB3.0 棒和其他你没有或不能考虑的东西。
编辑：HDD 实际上与慢速 SSD 不同。虽然它们在读取和写入 HDD 方面都很快，但需要大量时间来寻找。因此，使用两种不同的访问策略是有意义的：通过随机访问为 SSD 挑选重要数据，并为 HDD 顺序读取。您可能只实施顺序策略就可以逃脱惩罚，因为这仍然适用于 SSD。不过，检查 HDD 而不是 SSD 更有意义，因为您需要对 HDD 进行特殊处理，而 SSD、RAMdisc、NFS 等不应受到寻道时间的影响，因此可以进行相同的处理。
您可以使用 Microsoft WMI 类MSFT_PhysicalDisk。mediatype 4 是 SSD，SpindleSpeed 将为 0。
是的，很有可能确定驱动器是否为 SSD。SSD 通常支持 TRIM 命令，所以我会检查驱动器是否支持 TRIM 命令。
在 Windows 中，您可以使用IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY来获取DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR结构，该结构将告诉您是否启用了 TRIM。
如果你真的知道你在做什么，你可以得到原始的 IDENTIFY DEVICE 包，并自己解释数据。对于 SATA 驱动器，它将是字 169 位 0。
不要打扰驱动器类型。通过读取一些无论如何加载的游戏数据来进行测量，并决定使用哪种策略。（不要忘记做一个配置选项：）
更何况我的直觉告诉我这种方法是错误的。如果有人的磁盘速度较慢，那么预加载应该更重要，因为动态加载会导致卡顿。另一方面，如果驱动器足够快，我不需要浪费内存，因为我可以足够快地动态加载数据。
我发现的最好方法是使用带有 WMI 的 ROOT\microsoft\windows\storage 命名空间中的MSFT_PhysicalDisk
这为您提供了两个属性
媒体类型为您提供值
主轴速度为 0 是不言自明的
主文件
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>;
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include "StorageDevice.h"
#include <vector>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
using namespace::std;
void IntializeCOM()
{
HRESULT hres;
hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
// Program has failed.
}
// Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
// Set general COM security levels --------------------------
hres = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1, // COM authentication
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities
NULL // Reserved
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize(); // Program has failed.
}
}
void SetupWBEM(IWbemLocator*& pLoc, IWbemServices*& pSvc)
{
// Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
// Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
HRESULT hres;
//IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;
hres = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *)&pLoc);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object." << " Err code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
}
// Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------
// Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
//IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
// Connect to the ROOT\\\microsoft\\windows\\storage namespace with
// the current user and obtain pointer pSvc
// to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(
_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\microsoft\\windows\\storage"), // Object path of WMI namespace
NULL, // User name. NULL = current user
NULL, // User password. NULL = current
0, // Locale. NULL indicates current
NULL, // Security flags.
0, // Authority (for example, Kerberos)
0, // Context object
&pSvc // pointer to IWbemServices proxy
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
}
// Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
// Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
}
}
int main()
{
IWbemLocator *wbemLocator = NULL;
IWbemServices *wbemServices = NULL;
IntializeCOM();
SetupWBEM(wbemLocator, wbemServices);
IEnumWbemClassObject* storageEnumerator = NULL;
HRESULT hres = wbemServices->ExecQuery(
bstr_t("WQL"),
bstr_t("SELECT * FROM MSFT_PhysicalDisk"),
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
NULL,
&storageEnumerator);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Query for MSFT_PhysicalDisk. Error code = 0x" << hex << hres << endl;
wbemServices->Release();
wbemLocator->Release();
CoUninitialize();
}
IWbemClassObject *storageWbemObject = NULL;
ULONG uReturn = 0;
vector<StorageDevice> storageDevices;
while (storageEnumerator)
{
HRESULT hr = storageEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &storageWbemObject, &uReturn);
if (0 == uReturn || hr != S_OK)
{
break;
}
StorageDevice storageDevice;
VARIANT deviceId;
VARIANT busType;
VARIANT healthStatus;
VARIANT spindleSpeed;
VARIANT mediaType;
storageWbemObject->Get(L"DeviceId", 0, &deviceId, 0, 0);
storageWbemObject->Get(L"BusType", 0, &busType, 0, 0);
storageWbemObject->Get(L"HealthStatus", 0, &healthStatus, 0, 0);
storageWbemObject->Get(L"SpindleSpeed", 0, &spindleSpeed, 0, 0);
storageWbemObject->Get(L"MediaType", 0, &mediaType, 0, 0);
storageDevice.DeviceId = deviceId.bstrVal == NULL ? "" : _bstr_t(deviceId.bstrVal);
storageDevice.BusType = busType.uintVal;
storageDevice.HealthStatus = healthStatus.uintVal;
storageDevice.SpindleSpeed = spindleSpeed.uintVal;
storageDevice.MediaType = mediaType.uintVal;
storageDevices.push_back(storageDevice);
storageWbemObject->Release();
}
}
程序在这里将磁盘属性存储在强类型对象“storageDevice”中，并将其推送到向量上，以便我们以后使用
存储设备.h
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace::std;
class StorageDevice
{
public:
StorageDevice();
~StorageDevice();
string DeviceId;
int BusType;
int HealthStatus;
int SpindleSpeed;
int MediaType;
};
存储设备.cpp
#include "StorageDevice.h"
StorageDevice::StorageDevice()
{
}
StorageDevice::~StorageDevice()
{
}
视频教程和源代码c++ 在这里下载