我遇到了与FragmentActivity 类似的问题，无法通过 ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 进行测试
顶级解决方案的问题只适用于使用 Eclipse 构建系统。我正在为我的项目使用 Gradle。
在运行 ART 运行时的 Nexus 5 上，我的 Espresso 仪器测试运行良好。当我在 Dalvik 运行时或模拟器上使用 Nexus 4 时，我遇到了在测试框架之外运行应用程序时不会发生的异常。
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.packagename.fragment.ProgressDialogFragment
在日志中，我发现这些可疑消息类似于链接的问题：
Class resolved by unexpected DEX: Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment2;(0x41e969d8):0x76064000 ref [Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment;] Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment;(0x41e969d8):0x75883000
(Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment2; had used a different Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment; during pre-verification)
Unable to resolve superclass of Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment2; (271)
Link of class 'Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment2;' failed
Unable to resolve superclass of Lcom/packagename/fragment/ProgressDialogFragment; (270)
Link of class 'Lcom/packagename/fragment/ProgressDialogFragment;' failed
Could not find method com.packagename.fragment.ProgressDialogFragment.newInstance, referenced from method com.packagename.activity.IntroActivity.doJoin
VFY: unable to resolve static method 47365: Lcom/packagename/fragment/ProgressDialogFragment;.newInstance (I)Landroid/support/v4/app/DialogFragment2;
VFY: replacing opcode 0x71 at 0x0063
ProgressDialogFragment是一个子类，DialogFragment2它是 Android 支持库的类的子DialogFragment类
如果有帮助，这是我的 Gradle 文件中的依赖项：
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:+'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:+'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:+'
compile 'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:+'
compile 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.3.+'
compile 'de.greenrobot:greendao:1.3.+'
compile 'fr.avianey:facebook-android-api:+@aar'
compile 'com.squareup.mimecraft:mimecraft:1.1.+'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.2.+'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:1.5.+'
compile 'eu.inmite.android.lib:android-styled-dialogs:1.1.+@aar'
compile 'com.newrelic.agent.android:android-agent:3.+'
compile 'uk.co.chrisjenx:calligraphy:0.7.+'
compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:library:0.9.+'
compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:extra-abc:0.9.+'
apt "com.jakewharton:butterknife:${project.ext.butterKnifeVersion}"
compile "com.jakewharton:butterknife:${project.ext.butterKnifeVersion}"
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
// Excluded modules were determined from here: https://github.com/robolectric/deckard-gradle
instrumentTestCompile fileTree(dir: 'libs-test', include: '*.jar')
instrumentTestCompile 'com.google.guava:guava:14.0.1',
'com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.1.0',
'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1',
'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1',
'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1'
instrumentTestCompile('junit:junit:4.11') {
exclude module: 'hamcrest-core'
}
instrumentTestCompile('org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3-SNAPSHOT') {
exclude module: 'classworlds'
exclude module: 'maven-artifact'
exclude module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
exclude module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
exclude module: 'maven-model'
exclude module: 'maven-plugin-registry'
exclude module: 'maven-profile'
exclude module: 'maven-project'
exclude module: 'maven-settings'
exclude module: 'nekohtml'
exclude module: 'plexus-container-default'
exclude module: 'plexus-interpolation'
exclude module: 'plexus-utils'
exclude module: 'wagon-file'
exclude module: 'wagon-http-lightweight'
exclude module: 'wagon-http-shared'
exclude module: 'wagon-provider-api'
}
instrumentTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.+'
所以我的问题是如何确保在应用程序 APK 和测试 APK 之间使用相同的支持库？我已经尝试添加instrumentTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-v4:+'以确保相同的支持库版本，但这没有帮助。