I've had a look at the Google address you've pasted. My answer here is not exactly about that but it might halp you understand how elevation works. Google, as many other websites, uses a DEM map (Digital Elevation Maps: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_elevation_model) which is a rasterized image of a certain area, in which every pixel represent a real sample from the Satellite/Shuttle (or the interpolation between two sampled points).
These maps are quite huge, depending on the sampling frequence. For some area of the Globe the sampling area is very dense, while for other areas is more sparse. The USA have the best detail.
If you want to download the free DEMs this is a good starting point: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/SELECTION/inputCoord.asp
You could download a sample of every part of the area you want to include in your application, convert the data into a database (latitude, longitude, altitude) and have your application query the DB and return a set of pixels that you can paint in different colors, accordingly with your altitude ranges.
Hope this helped