我正在为我的 Spring 3.2.8 + Hibernate 4.3.4 应用程序编写一些 junit 测试。我的测试类注释为：
@DirtiesContext(classMode=ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImplTest {
...
...
}
但是，尝试使用实体管理器的方面会引发以下错误：
org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: EntityManagerFactory is closed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: EntityManagerFactory is closed
如果查看日志，我会在第二次测试开始时看到以下错误消息：
2014-04-02 16:36:48,891 [main] WARN org.hibernate.jpa.internal.EntityManagerFactoryRegistry - HHH000436: Entity manager factory name (default) is already registered. If entity manager will be clustered or passivated, specify a unique value for property 'hibernate.ejb.entitymanager_factory_name'
我意识到这只是一个警告，但我想知道这是否是问题的一部分。我不明白为什么在@DirtiesContext应该确保在开始第二次测试之前清除上下文时抱怨工厂已经注册。
我确实看到在第一次测试结束时正在清理上下文：
2014-04-02 16:36:10,733 [main] INFO springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener - Rolled back transaction after test execution for test context [TestContext@1ff221ad testClass = UserServiceImplTest, testInstance = com.ia.service.UserServiceImplTest@5180f53d, testMethod = testUpdateRoles@UserServiceImplTest, testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@6964a198 testClass = UserServiceImplTest, locations = '{classpath:META-INF/spring/applicationContext*.xml}', classes = '{}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{test}', resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.web.WebDelegatingSmartContextLoader', parent = [null]]]
2014-04-02 16:36:10,735 [main] INFO springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@53c3dcdc: startup date [Wed Apr 02 16:35:00 EDT 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-04-02 16:36:10,736 [main] INFO springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@2ff0a910: defining beans [dataSource,entityManagerFactory,org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAspect,hibernateJpaVendorAdapter,transactionManager,org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryInterfaceAwareBeanPostProcessor#0,org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.EntityManagerBeanDefinitionRegistrarPostProcessor#0,org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#0,rateRepository,userRepositoryImpl,userRepository,patchRepository,org.springframework.security.filterChains,org.springframework.security.filterChainProxy,org.springframework.security.web.DefaultSecurityFilterChain#0,org.springframework.security.access.expression.method.DefaultMethodSecurityExpressionHandler#0,org.springframework.security.access.method.DelegatingMethodSecurityMetadataSource#0,org.springframework.security.access.vote.AffirmativeBased#0,org.springframework.security.access.intercept.aopalliance.MethodSecurityInterceptor#0,org.springframework.security.methodSecurityMetadataSourceAdvisor,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,org.springframework.security.web.PortMapperImpl#0,org.springframework.security.web.PortResolverImpl#0,org.springframework.security.config.authentication.AuthenticationManagerFactoryBean#0,org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager#0,org.springframework.security.web.context.NullSecurityContextRepository#0,org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.NullRequestCache#0,org.springframework.security.access.vote.AffirmativeBased#1,org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor#0,org.springframework.security.web.access.DefaultWebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator#0,org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationProvider#0,org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint#0,org.springframework.security.userDetailsServiceFactory,org.springframework.security.web.DefaultSecurityFilterChain#1,org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider#0,org.springframework.security.authentication.DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher#0,org.springframework.security.authenticationManager,basicAuthenticationFilter,authenticationEntryPoint,defaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler,org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer#0,org.springframework.context.config.internalBeanConfigurerAspect,contactDataOnDemand,userDataOnDemand,testBase.BeanRegistry,securityService,patchServiceImpl,rateServiceImpl,userServiceImpl,appConfig,viewConfig,webContextFilter,patchEngineContextListener,patchEngineImpl.PatchEngineInitializer,patchEngineImpl,initializeUsersRolesAndPermissionsPatch,tilesContainerFactory,viewMetaPreparer,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor,applicationProperties,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor,org.springframework.data.auditing.AuditingHandler#0,org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener,org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingBeanFactoryPostProcessor,org.springframework.data.auditing.AuditingHandler#1,auditorProvider,objectMapper,org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator#0]; root of factory hierarchy
2014-04-02 16:36:10,754 [main] INFO org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
所以我不确定为什么它抱怨 EntityManagerFactory 已经注册。此外，我不确定为什么在尝试访问 EMF 时它会关闭。
我是否需要做一些特别的事情来确保它在每次测试中仍然可以访问？我确实在 SO 上找到了与该问题相关的帖子，但并不能帮助我确定发生这种情况的原因。