41
from collections import namedtuple

Point = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'])
p = Point(11,22)
print(p)

输出:

whatsmypurpose(x=11,y=22)

的相关性/用途是'whatsmypurpose'什么?

4

3 回答 3

12

namedtuple()tuple子类的工厂函数。这里,'whatsmypurpose'是类型名称。创建命名元组时,whatsmypurpose会在内部创建一个具有此名称 ( ) 的类。

您可以通过使用详细参数来注意到这一点,例如:

Point=namedtuple('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'], verbose=True)

您也可以尝试type(p)验证这一点。

于 2014-03-31T13:26:55.543 回答
8

'whatsmypurpose'给新的子类它的类型名称。从文档:

collections.namedtuple( typename , field_names, verbose=False,rename=False)
返回一个名为typename的新元组子类。

这是一个例子:

>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Foo = namedtuple('Foo', ['a', 'b'])
>>> type(Foo)
<class 'type'>
>>> a = Foo(a = 1, b = 2)
>>> a
Foo(a=1, b=2)
>>> Foo = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose', ['a', 'b'])
>>> a = Foo(a = 1, b = 2)
>>> a
whatsmypurpose(a=1, b=2)
>>> 

verbose参数设置为True,可以看到完整的whatsmypurpose类定义。

>>> Foo = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose', ['a', 'b'], verbose=True)
from builtins import property as _property, tuple as _tuple
from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter
from collections import OrderedDict

class whatsmypurpose(tuple):
    'whatsmypurpose(a, b)'

    __slots__ = ()

    _fields = ('a', 'b')

    def __new__(_cls, a, b):
        'Create new instance of whatsmypurpose(a, b)'
        return _tuple.__new__(_cls, (a, b))

    @classmethod
    def _make(cls, iterable, new=tuple.__new__, len=len):
        'Make a new whatsmypurpose object from a sequence or iterable'
        result = new(cls, iterable)
        if len(result) != 2:
            raise TypeError('Expected 2 arguments, got %d' % len(result))
        return result

    def _replace(_self, **kwds):
        'Return a new whatsmypurpose object replacing specified fields with new values'
        result = _self._make(map(kwds.pop, ('a', 'b'), _self))
        if kwds:
            raise ValueError('Got unexpected field names: %r' % list(kwds))
        return result

    def __repr__(self):
        'Return a nicely formatted representation string'
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(a=%r, b=%r)' % self

    def _asdict(self):
        'Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values.'
        return OrderedDict(zip(self._fields, self))

    def __getnewargs__(self):
        'Return self as a plain tuple.  Used by copy and pickle.'
        return tuple(self)

    a = _property(_itemgetter(0), doc='Alias for field number 0')

    b = _property(_itemgetter(1), doc='Alias for field number 1')
于 2014-03-31T13:33:04.697 回答
1

考虑:

class MyClass(tuple):
   pass

这将创建一个type,它是一个元组子类,它有一个 name MyClass.__name__ == "MyClass"namedtuple是一个类型工厂,它还创建元组子类,但在这个功能 API 中,您必须显式传递名称。

当您将返回的类型分配给不同的名称时:

Point = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'])

它类似于这样做:

class whatsmypurpose(tuple):
    ... # extra stuff here to setup slots, field names, etc

Point = whatsmypurpose
del whatsmypurpose

在这两种情况下,您只是为该类型添加一个不同的名称。

通常,您会分配与类型名称相同的名称。如果您对重复相同的字符串不是DRY感到困扰,那么您可以使用 in 中的声明性 APItyping.NamedTuple而不是 in 中的功能性 API collections然后,您可能会因为需要注释类型而烦恼。

于 2019-11-12T06:12:29.313 回答