我正在尝试从 RESTful API 解析 JSON。返回的 JSON 是高度嵌套的，可能/可能不包含某些字段。以下是一些返回数据的示例：
{
resultSet : {
location : [{
desc : "Tuality Hospital/SE 8th Ave MAX Station",
locid : 9843,
dir : "Eastbound",
lng : -122.978016886765,
lat : 45.5212880911494
}
],
arrival : [{
detour : false,
status : "estimated",
locid : 9843,
block : 9024,
scheduled : "2014-03-02T16:48:15.000-0800",
shortSign : "Blue to Gresham",
dir : 0,
estimated : "2014-03-02T16:48:15.000-0800",
route : 100,
departed : false,
blockPosition : {
at : "2014-03-02T16:16:43.579-0800",
feet : 3821,
lng : -122.9909514,
trip : [{
progress : 171494,
desc : "Hatfield Government Center",
pattern : 140,
dir : 1,
route : 100,
tripNum : "4365647",
destDist : 171739
}, {
progress : 0,
desc : "Cleveland Ave",
pattern : 10,
dir : 0,
route : 100,
tripNum : "4365248",
destDist : 3577
}
],
lat : 45.5215368,
heading : 328
},
fullSign : "MAX Blue Line to Gresham",
piece : "1"
}, {
detour : false,
status : "estimated",
locid : 9843,
block : 9003,
scheduled : "2014-03-02T17:05:45.000-0800",
shortSign : "Blue to Gresham",
dir : 0,
estimated : "2014-03-02T17:05:45.000-0800",
route : 100,
departed : false,
blockPosition : {
at : "2014-03-02T16:34:33.787-0800",
feet : 3794,
lng : -122.9909918,
trip : [{
progress : 171521,
desc : "Hatfield Government Center",
pattern : 140,
dir : 1,
route : 100,
tripNum : "4365648",
destDist : 171739
}, {
progress : 0,
desc : "Cleveland Ave",
pattern : 10,
dir : 0,
route : 100,
tripNum : "4365250",
destDist : 3577
}
],
lat : 45.5216054,
heading : 345
},
fullSign : "MAX Blue Line to Gresham",
piece : "1"
}
],
queryTime : "2014-03-02T16:35:21.039-0800"
}
}
如您所见，JSON 模式以 a 开头，resultSet其中包含 a location、arrival和queryTime。反过来location，包含位置列表，arrival包含到达列表，并且queryTime只是 UTC 时间。然后， anarrival可以包含 a blockPosition，其中可以包含 atrip等。很多嵌套。很多可选字段。
为了掌握这一切，我创建了一组新的数据类型。数据类型嵌套类似。对于每种数据类型，我都有一个 FromJSON 实例（来自 Aeson 库）。
-- Data Type Definitions and FromJSON Instance Definitions ---------------------
data ResultSet
= ResultSet { locations :: LocationList
,arrivals :: ArrivalList
,queryTime :: String
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON ResultSet where
parseJSON (Object o) =
ResultSet <$> ((o .: "resultSet") >>= (.: "location"))
<*> ((o .: "resultSet") >>= (.: "arrival"))
<*> ((o .: "resultSet") >>= (.: "queryTime"))
parseJSON _ = mzero
data TripList = TripList {triplist :: [Trip]} deriving Show
instance FromJSON TripList where
parseJSON (Object o) =
TripList <$> (o .: "trip")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data LocationList = LocationList {locationList :: [Location]} deriving Show
instance FromJSON LocationList where
parseJSON (Object o) =
LocationList <$> (o .: "location")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data Location
= Location { loc_desc :: String
,loc_locid :: Int
,loc_dir :: String
,loc_lng :: Double
,loc_lat :: Double
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON Location where
parseJSON (Object o) =
Location <$> (o .: "desc")
<*> (o .: "locid")
<*> (o .: "dir")
<*> (o .: "lng")
<*> (o .: "lat")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data ArrivalList = ArrivalList {arrivalList :: [Arrival]} deriving Show
instance FromJSON ArrivalList where
parseJSON (Object o) =
ArrivalList <$> (o .: "arrival")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data Arrival
= Arrival { arr_detour :: Bool
,arr_status :: String
,arr_locid :: Int
,arr_block :: Int
,arr_scheduled :: String
,arr_shortSign :: String
,arr_dir :: Int
,estimated :: Maybe String
,route :: Int
,departed :: Bool
,blockPosition :: Maybe BlockPosition
,fullSign :: String
,piece :: String
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON Arrival where
parseJSON (Object o) =
Arrival <$> (o .: "detour")
<*> (o .: "status")
<*> (o .: "locid")
<*> (o .: "block")
<*> (o .: "scheduled")
<*> (o .: "shortSign")
<*> (o .: "dir")
<*> (o .:? "estimated")
<*> (o .: "route")
<*> (o .: "departed")
<*> (o .:? "blockPosition")
<*> (o .: "fullSign")
<*> (o .: "piece")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data BlockPosition
= BlockPosition { bp_at :: String
,bp_feet :: Int
,bp_lng :: Double
,bp_trip :: Trip
,bp_lat :: Double
,bp_heading :: Int
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON BlockPosition where
parseJSON (Object o) =
BlockPosition <$> (o .: "at")
<*> (o .: "feet")
<*> (o .: "lng")
<*> (o .: "trip")
<*> (o .: "lat")
<*> (o .: "heading")
parseJSON _ = mzero
data Trip
= Trip { trip_progress :: Int
,trip_desc :: String
,trip_pattern :: Int
,trip_dir :: Int
,trip_route :: Int
,trip_tripNum :: Int
,trip_destDist :: Int
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON Trip where
parseJSON (Object o) =
Trip <$> (o .: "progress")
<*> (o .: "desc")
<*> (o .: "pattern")
<*> (o .: "dir")
<*> (o .: "route")
<*> (o .: "tripNum")
<*> (o .: "destDist")
parseJSON _ = mzero
现在，问题是：检索数据很容易。我可以通过
json <- getJSON stopID
putStrLn (show (decode json :: (Maybe Value)))
但是当我尝试获取 ResultSet 数据时，它以Nothing.
putStrLn (show (decode json :: Maybe ResultSet))
但是，如果我删除嵌套数据并简单地尝试获取该queryString字段（通过从 FromJSON 的数据类型和实例中删除字段，它会成功并返回 queryString 字段。
data ResultSet
= ResultSet {
queryTime :: String
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON ResultSet where
parseJSON (Object o)
= ResultSet <$> ((o .: "resultSet") >>= (.: "queryTime"))
parseJSON _ = mzero
我究竟做错了什么？这是在 Haskell 中解析 JSON 的最简单方法吗？我是这个（学生）的菜鸟，所以请温柔。