spring - 在 Spring 单元测试期间无法加载 ApplicationContext

Question

我正在尝试使用 Springs java-config 为我的应用程序上下文运行 Junit 功能测试。我不确定这是 Spring 还是 Junit 的问题……只是不确定……该应用程序在我的本地服务器上运行良好（命中数据库），但是当我尝试运行测试时它会爆炸。我刚刚从 xml 转移到 java config，所以我总是可以导入我的 xml 上下文文件（我知道它在我的测试中有效），但接下来我宁愿只使用我的 java 配置。

我的测试班

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class,
        classes = { AppConfig.class, ServletConfig.class })
@EnvironmentConfiguration(db2Enabled = true)
public class EventDAOTest {

堆栈跟踪

Feb 4, 2014 11:51:45 AM com.aoins.config.CachingPropertyFileReader <clinit>
SEVERE: ERROR - Configuration Framework not detected!
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:45 AM com.aoins.config.CachingPropertyFileReader readFile
SEVERE: Unable to build property reference for: (common).
2014-02-04 11:51:45,510 | DEBUG |         : | LoggerConfigurer | Msg: Log4j configured with: 'C:/javalog/log4jPCProperties.xml'
2014-02-04 11:51:48,248 | INFO  |         : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: DB2 Connection was established
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO  |         : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: CICS Connection was established
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO  |         : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: JMS Connection was NOT established according to the configuration
2014-02-04 11:51:48,279 | INFO  |         : | EnvironmentConfigurer | Msg: EMail Connection was NOT established according to the configuration
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:48 AM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@215d215d: startup date [Tue Feb 04 11:51:48 EST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associates],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associate.AssociateDataController.retrieveAssociates(java.lang.String)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associateFilterTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/associateFilterTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/dateFilterTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/dateFilterTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterDataController.retrieveEventFilterType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/departments/{pDepartmentCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.department.DepartmentDataController.retrieveDepartment(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.department.DepartmentNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/divisions],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.division.DivisionDataController.retrieveDivisionsDepartments()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventController.showEvents()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[//Test],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventController.showTests()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events/{pEventId}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.retrieveEvent(java.lang.Integer)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events],methods=[GET],params=[page && associateFilter && dateFilter],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.retrieveFiltered(com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.associatefiltertype.AssociateFilterType,com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.datefiltertype.DateFilterType,java.lang.Integer,com.aoins.sales.user.User)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/events],methods=[POST],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[application/json],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataController.saveEvent(com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventBeanImpl,com.aoins.sales.user.User) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/Public/events],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public java.util.List<com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.Event> com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataPublicController.doList()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/Public/events/{pEventId}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.Event com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDataPublicController.doRetrieve(java.lang.Integer)
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/eventTypes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeDataController.retrieveEventTypes()
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping registerHandlerMethod
INFO: Mapped "{[/Data/eventTypes/{pTypeCode}],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[application/json],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.ui.ModelMap com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeDataController.retrieveEventType(java.lang.String) throws com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.eventtype.EventTypeNotFoundException
Feb 4, 2014 11:51:49 AM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager prepareTestInstance
SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@20c820c8] to prepare test instance [com.aoins.sales.eventplanning.events.EventDAOTest@f7e0f7e]
Throwable occurred: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
    at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:326)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
    at com.aoins.func.tester.AOSpringFunctionalTester.run(AOSpringFunctionalTester.java:48)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/web/servlet/config/annotation/DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping()] threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:592)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1094)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:989)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:700)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:121)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
    ... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping()] threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:188)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:581)
    ... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at java.lang.Throwable.<init>(Throwable.java:67)
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:111)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.<init>(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.java:54)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.java:330)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$104f0b6f.CGLIB$defaultServletHandlerMapping$22(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$104f0b6f$$FastClassByCGLIB$$ff8cbba8.invoke(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:326)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$104f0b6f.defaultServletHandlerMapping(<generated>)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:60)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:611)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:166)
    ... 42 more

所以它似乎没有找到配置框架，但我一直在关注参考指南和 API ......不确定我遗漏了什么或配置不正确。我正在使用 Spring 4.0、Junit 4.10

此外，对于每个测试，它都会引发此错误。对我来说，这意味着它正在尝试再次加载 ApplicationContext（prepareRefresh）......每个@Test 一次 - 这对我来说也没有意义......

以下是一些资源：

score 91 · Accepted Answer

我从 spring 3.2.0 移动到 4.0.3，并且不得不将我的 javax.servlet 依赖项（在 maven 中）从 servlet 2.5 更新到 servlet 3.0.1。最后的依赖是

       <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
       </dependency>

然后它起作用了

score 28 · Accepted Answer

您需要使用注释您的测试类

@WebAppConfiguration

以便测试环境为您提供MVC 配置所需WebApplicationContext的模拟。ServletContext

score 23 · Accepted Answer

由于有几个人提到了 Servlet 版本问题：

从 Spring 4.0 开始，mock 集现在基于 Servlet 3.0 API。

你有两个选择：

使用 3.2.x spring-test 依赖

    <依赖>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>弹簧测试</artifactId>
       <version>3.2.14.RELEASE</version>
       <scope>测试</scope>
    </依赖>

升级到 servlet 3.0

    <依赖>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
       <版本>3.0.1</版本>
    </依赖>

score 5 · Accepted Answer

在毕业

testCompile 'javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.1.0'

注意：即使我正在针对 Google App Engine (servlet 2.4) 进行测试，这也适用于我，因为它仅用于测试。

https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-11049

score 2 · Accepted Answer

解决此类问题的方法 - 尝试手动强制导入 notFoundClass，例如： Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;

所以 Idea+Maven 建议我添加 maven 依赖项，我同意了。突然在 pom.xml 中出现了代码：

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
        <artifactId>geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

然后我删除了“Class c = javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig.class;” - 没有必要，而不是加载必要的依赖。

score 0 · Accepted Answer

您可以将 MockServletContext 添加到您的测试应用程序上下文中。MockServletContext 可以在 spring-test.jar （或 maven 依赖项）中找到。您应该（显然）不要在生产中使用它，而只能在您包含在测试上下文中的上下文中注册它。

score 0 · Accepted Answer

0

使用@ActiveProfiles({"{test", "default"}) 注解

于 2018-01-11T21:00:57.210 回答

spring - 在 Spring 单元测试期间无法加载 ApplicationContext

7 回答 7

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