3

在尝试使用 boost 托管共享内存时，我得到了一个 'bad_alloc。我已经从他们为不耐烦的人的快速指南中复制了 boost 示例，并合并了我自己的更改。我的代码在下面，我已经注释掉了示例内容并在下面写了我自己的。我还投入了一些调试和测试的东西。

有没有人有任何想法？任何帮助是极大的赞赏！

-M

#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/map.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/allocators/allocator.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/string.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/exceptions.hpp>

#include <functional>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#define space_name "MySharedMemorydfgdfhgd"
namespace std{


}

int main ()
{

using namespace boost::interprocess;


//Remove shared memory on construction and destruction

struct shm_remove
{
    shm_remove() { shared_memory_object::remove(space_name); }
    ~shm_remove(){ shared_memory_object::remove(space_name); }
} remover;

typedef int    KeyType;
typedef boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::allocator<char>::type char_allocator;
//typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<char, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> char_allocator;
typedef boost::interprocess::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, char_allocator> shm_string;

struct certificateStorage{
    int certificate_id;        
    certificateStorage( int _certificate_id, const char* _certificate, const char* _key, const char_allocator &al) :
    certificate_id(_certificate_id) 
    {}
};

//Note that map<Key, MappedType>'s value_type is std::pair<const Key, MappedType>,
//so the allocator must allocate that pair.

//typedef std::pair<const int, float> ValueType;
typedef std::pair<const int, certificateStorage> certValueType;
//typedef allocator<ValueType, managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemAllocator;
typedef allocator<certValueType, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> certShmemAllocator;
//typedef map<KeyType, MappedType, std::less<KeyType>, ShmemAllocator> MyMap;
typedef map<KeyType, certificateStorage, std::less<KeyType>, certShmemAllocator> certSHMMap;
// typedef boost::interprocess::map<KeyType, int, std::less<KeyType>, certShmemAllocator> certSHMMap;

std::cout << "\n\n\nStarting the program.\n\n\n";

//Shared memory front-end that is able to construct objects
//associated with a c-string. Erase previous shared memory with the name
//to be used and create the memory segment at the specified address and initialize resources

const int numentries = 20;
const char* elementName = "mymap";
int size = sizeof(certificateStorage) * numentries + 1000;
std::cout << "SHM size is " <<size<< " bytes \n";
int runningsize = 0;


try{
    //this stayed the same
    managed_shared_memory shm_segment
    (create_only
    ,space_name//segment name
    ,size);   

    certSHMMap *mymap;

    //Initialize the shared memory STL-compatible allocator
    //ShmemAllocator alloc_inst (segment.get_segment_manager());
    certShmemAllocator alloc_inst (shm_segment.get_segment_manager());
    char_allocator ca(shm_segment.get_allocator<char>());

    for(int i = 0; i < numentries; i++){

        try{
            //MyMap *mymap =
            // segment.construct<MyMap>("MyMap")      //object name
            //(std::less<int>() //first  ctor parameter
            //  ,alloc_inst);     //second ctor parameter              

            mymap = shm_segment.construct<certSHMMap>(elementName)
            (std::less<int>() 
            ,alloc_inst);     //object name
        }
        catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
            std::cout << "Certificates element already exists.";

            try{
                mymap = shm_segment.find<certSHMMap>(elementName).first;   //object name
                 std::cout << " Fetching existing pointer.\n";
            }
            catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
                std::cout << "\nCertificates object wont load\n";
                mymap = shm_segment.find<certSHMMap>(elementName).first;   //object name
            }
        }

        certificateStorage thisCert(i, "", "", ca);
         std::cout << "Created object.\n";
        mymap->insert(certValueType(i, thisCert));
         std::cout << "Inserted object. " << i <<" size is " <<sizeof(thisCert)  << " \n";
         runningsize += sizeof(thisCert) ;
         std::cout << "SHM Current size is " << runningsize << " / " << size << "\n";
    }

    std::cout << "\n\nDone Inserting\nStarting output\n.";
    /*    
        //Insert data in the map
        for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i){
        mymap->insert(std::pair<const int, float>(i, (float)(i*i)));
        }

        for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i){
        std::cout << "Key: " << i << " Value: " << mymap->at(i) << "\n";

        mymap->insert(std::pair<const int, float>(i, (float)(i*2)));
    } */


    for(int i = 0; i < numentries; i++){

        try{
            mymap = shm_segment.construct<certSHMMap>(elementName)(std::less<int>() ,alloc_inst);     //object name
        }
        catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
            std::cout << "Certificates element already exists.\n";

            try{
                mymap = shm_segment.find<certSHMMap>(elementName).first;   //object name
            }
            catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
                std::cout << "Certificates object wont load\n";
                mymap = shm_segment.find<certSHMMap>(elementName).first;   //object name
            }
        }
        certificateStorage tmp = mymap->at(i);
        std::cout << "The key is: " << i << " And the value is: " << tmp.certificate_id;
    }
}
catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
    std::cout << "\n shm space wont load wont load\n";
    std::cout << "\n Why: " << ex.what() << "\n";


}
shared_memory_object::remove(space_name);
return 0;

}

这是我的程序输出...

 Starting the program.


SHM size is 1080 bytes
Created object.
Inserted object. 0 size is 4
SHM Current size is 4 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 1 size is 4
SHM Current size is 8 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 2 size is 4
SHM Current size is 12 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 3 size is 4
SHM Current size is 16 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 4 size is 4
SHM Current size is 20 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 5 size is 4
SHM Current size is 24 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 6 size is 4
SHM Current size is 28 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 7 size is 4
SHM Current size is 32 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 8 size is 4
SHM Current size is 36 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 9 size is 4
SHM Current size is 40 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 10 size is 4
SHM Current size is 44 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 11 size is 4
SHM Current size is 48 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 12 size is 4
SHM Current size is 52 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 13 size is 4
SHM Current size is 56 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 14 size is 4
SHM Current size is 60 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.
Inserted object. 15 size is 4
SHM Current size is 64 / 1080
Certificates element already exists. Fetching existing pointer.
Created object.

 shm space wont load wont load

 Why: boost::interprocess::bad_alloc
4

1 回答 1

10

看来您只是内存不足。您可能会认为不应该这样做，因为单个分配不会占用大量空间。

但是内存碎片可以做到这一点：如果共享内存对象有足够的“填充”或“开销”，您可能会用完连续分配的空间。

要么将数据存储在预先分配的向量中（例如），要么使用更智能的进程间分配算法之一：

在这种情况下解决它的最简单方法似乎只是使共享内存区域大两倍（无论如何，在大多数系统上，最小大小是 4K 内存页面）。

我刚刚使用2*size并且测试运行完成。

更新/修复

我刚刚验证了确实以“向量方式”做事效率更高：用std::mapboost替换flat_map可以获得向量存储。

最大的区别在于，map 中的每个节点都是动态分配的，产生固定的开销，线性消耗可用内存。

在此处输入图像描述

观察

  • 有相当大的初始开销，在发生任何事情之前消耗了 320 个字节。
  • 使用flat_map，您还预先保留了向量容量，您会看到您可以赢得一点额外的存储效率。

上图是根据以下程序的输出创建的。查找对 的调用get_free_memory()。要切换map实现，只需更改#if 0为#if 1. （请注意我是如何清理一些不必要的重复代码并使用异常进行流控制的）。

#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/map.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/allocators/allocator.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/string.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/flat_map.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/exceptions.hpp>

#include <functional>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#define space_name "MySharedMemory"

int main ()
{
    using namespace boost::interprocess;
    //Remove shared memory on construction and destruction

    struct shm_remove
    {
        shm_remove() { shared_memory_object::remove(space_name); }
        ~shm_remove(){ shared_memory_object::remove(space_name); }
    } remover;

    typedef int KeyType;
    typedef boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::allocator<char>::type char_allocator;
    //typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<char, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> char_allocator;
    //typedef boost::interprocess::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, char_allocator> shm_string;

    struct certificateStorage{
        int certificate_id;        
        certificateStorage( int _certificate_id, const char* _certificate, const char* _key, const char_allocator &al) :
            certificate_id(_certificate_id) 
        {}
    };

#if 0 // STL
    typedef std::pair<const int, certificateStorage> certValueType;
    typedef allocator<certValueType, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> certShmemAllocator;
    typedef map<KeyType, certificateStorage, std::less<KeyType>, certShmemAllocator> certSHMMap;
#else // FLAT_MAP
    typedef std::pair<int, certificateStorage> certValueType; // not const key for flat_map
    typedef allocator<certValueType, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> certShmemAllocator;
    typedef boost::container::flat_map<KeyType, certificateStorage, std::less<KeyType>, certShmemAllocator> certSHMMap;
#endif 

    std::cout << "\n\n\nStarting the program.\n\n\n";

    const int numentries    = 20;
    const char* elementName = "mymap";
    int size                = sizeof(certificateStorage) * numentries + 1000;
    int runningsize         = 0;

    std::cout << "SHM size is " <<size<< " bytes \n";

    try{
        managed_shared_memory shm_segment(create_only, space_name/*segment name*/, size);   

        certShmemAllocator alloc_inst (shm_segment.get_segment_manager());
        char_allocator ca(shm_segment.get_allocator<char>());

        certSHMMap *mymap = shm_segment.find_or_construct<certSHMMap>(elementName)
            (std::less<int>(), alloc_inst);

        mymap->reserve(numentries);

        for(int i = 0; i < numentries; i++){
            std::cout << "Free memory: " << shm_segment.get_free_memory() << "\n";

            certificateStorage thisCert(i, "", "", ca);
            std::cout << "Created object.\n";
            mymap->insert(certValueType(i, thisCert));
            std::cout << "Inserted object. " << i <<" size is " <<sizeof(thisCert)  << " \n";
            runningsize += sizeof(thisCert) ;
            std::cout << "SHM Current size is " << runningsize << " / " << size << "\n";
        }

        std::cout << "\n\nDone Inserting\nStarting output\n";

        for(int i = 0; i < numentries; i++){
            certificateStorage tmp = mymap->at(i);
            std::cout << "The key is: " << i << " And the value is: " << tmp.certificate_id << "\n";
        }
    }
    catch(boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &ex){
        std::cout << "\n shm space wont load wont load\n";
        std::cout << "\n Why: " << ex.what() << "\n";
    }
}
于 2014-01-22T15:49:21.987 回答