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我正在尝试编写一个可以以非 POSIX 方式接受命令行参数的 Bash 脚本。具体来说，我想以标准方式解析命令行参数，getopts同时使用其选项字符串构建一个意外的命令行参数列表。getopts下面的代码注释中显示了以我描述的方式进行的示例命令行参数解析。我正在寻找解决方案，但我的脚本只能识别唯一的意外参数，而我需要识别所有意外参数。我很感激有关解决此问题的指导（可能通过巧妙的 AWK 脚本编写）。非常感谢您提供的任何帮助。

#!/bin/bash
################################################################################
#
# This is a test of command line parameter parsing that is explicitly non-POSIX.
# This approach handles
#     - options (for getopts)
#     - arguments of options (for getopts)
#     - positional arguments (for getopts) and
#     - non-option arguments (command line parameters not expected by getopts).
# All non-option arguments are placed in the string non_option_parameters. The
# silent error reporting mode of getopts is required. Following command line
# parameter parsing, input information can be accepted based on internal
# priority assumptions.
#
# example usage:
#     ./script.sh 
#         non-option parameters:
#     ./script.sh  -a Dirac
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         non-option parameters: 
#     ./script.sh -a Dirac -b
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         -b triggered
#         non-option parameters: 
#     ./script.sh -a Dirac Feynman -b
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         -b triggered
#         non-option parameters: Feynman 
#     ./script.sh -a Dirac Feynman Born -b
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         -b triggered
#         non-option parameters: Feynman Born 
#     ./script.sh -a Dirac Feynman Born Born -b
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         -b triggered
#         non-option parameters: Feynman Born 
#
# WANT:
#     ./script.sh -a Dirac Feynman Born Born -b
#         -a triggered with parameter Dirac
#         -b triggered
#         non-option parameters: Feynman Born Born
#
################################################################################

option_string=":a:b"
non_option_parameters=""

process_arguments(){
    OPTIND=1
    while getopts "${option_string}" option; do
        case ${option} in
            a)
                echo "-a triggered with parameter "${OPTARG}"" >&2 # output to STDERR
                ;;
            b)
                echo "-b triggered" >&2 # output to STDERR
                ;;
            \?)
                echo "invalid option: -"${OPTARG}"" >&2 # output to STDERR
            ;;
        esac
    done
    shift $(expr ${OPTIND} - 1)
    echo "$@"
}

parameters="${@}"
while [ ! -z "${parameters}" ]; do
    parameters="$(process_arguments ${parameters})"
    TEMP=$(echo "${parameters}" | awk -F " " '{print $1}')
    IS_POS="$(echo "${option_string}" | sed 's/^:-://' | sed 's/\([a-zA-Z]\)/\ \1/g' | sed 's/\([a-zA-Z]\)/-\1/g' | sed 's/://g' | awk -v OPTION=${TEMP} \
    '{
        for(i=1; i<=NF; i++){
            if( (match($i, OPTION)== 1) && (length($i) == length(OPTION)) ){
            print $i
        }
        }
    }' \
    | wc -l)"
    # The AWK code is quivalent to grep -w "-OPTIONCHAR". Note the trailing '-'
    # character behind OPTIONCHAR). IS_POS tells whether the first element in a
    # space-delimited string of parameters is a positional argument.
    [ ${IS_POS} -eq 0 ] && non_option_parameters="${non_option_parameters} ${TEMP}"
    T_ARRAY=""
    for parameter in ${parameters}; do
        [ $IS_POS -eq 0 ] && [ "${TEMP}" == "${parameter}" ] && continue
        T_ARRAY="${T_ARRAY} ${parameter}"
    done
    parameters="${T_ARRAY}"
done
echo "non-option parameters:${non_option_parameters}"
4

2 回答 2

2

我不太明白该IS_POS变量应该做什么。在我的机器（ mac ）上它总是 0 。第二个“Born”的问题在于T_ARRAY. 当我将其更改为以下内容时：

T_ARRAY=$(echo "${parameters}" | awk -F " " 'NF > 1 { for( i=2; i<=NF; i++ ) printf("%s%s", $i, i == NF ? "" : " " ); next }')

然后我得到所需的输出：

% script.sh -a Dirac Feynman Born Born -b
-a triggered with parameter Dirac
-b triggered
non-option parameters: Feynman Born Born

我认为问题出在

[ $IS_POS -eq 0 ] && [ "${TEMP}" == "${parameter}" ] && continue

循环匹配的行for parameter太多次。替换 awk 只是从参数中删除第一个元素 - 显然它没有注意IS_POS. 如果在您的系统上IS_POS非零，那么您可能需要更改它。

于 2014-01-12T07:42:42.513 回答
1

您可以尝试按如下方式简化脚本：

non_option_par=""
par="${@}"
while [ ! -z "${par}" ]; do
    par="$(process_arguments ${par})"
    non_option_par="${non_option_par} "$(awk -F'[ \t]*-' '{print $1}' <<<"$par")
    par=$(awk -F'[ \t]*-' 'NF>1{print substr($0,index($0,"-"))}' <<<"$par")
done
echo "non-option parameters:${non_option_par}"

（只需保持process_arguments功能原样..）

于 2014-01-12T09:27:13.803 回答