为了使用requests和beautifulsoup库抓取全分辨率图像 URL，您需要使用regex.
基本解释：
# find all <script> tags:
soup.select('script')
# match images data via regex:
matched_images_data = ''.join(re.findall(r"AF_initDataCallback\(([^<]+)\);", str(all_script_tags)))
# match desired images (full res size) via regex:
# https://kodlogs.com/34776/json-decoder-jsondecodeerror-expecting-property-name-enclosed-in-double-quotes
# if you try to json.loads() without json.dumps() it will throw an error:
# "Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes"
matched_images_data_fix = json.dumps(matched_images_data)
matched_images_data_json = json.loads(matched_images_data_fix)
matched_google_full_resolution_images = re.findall(r"(?:'|,),\[\"(https:|http.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]",
matched_images_data_json)
# Extract and decode them using bytes() and decode():
for fixed_full_res_image in matched_google_full_resolution_images:
original_size_img_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_full_res_image, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
original_size_img = bytes(original_size_img_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
在线 IDE 中的代码和完整示例，也将图像下载到文件夹：
import requests, lxml, re, json
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
headers = {
"User-Agent":
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36 Edge/18.19582"
}
params = {
"q": "pexels cat",
"tbm": "isch",
"hl": "en",
"ijn": "0",
}
html = requests.get("https://www.google.com/search", params=params, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'lxml')
def get_images_data():
print('\nGoogle Images Metadata:')
for google_image in soup.select('.isv-r.PNCib.MSM1fd.BUooTd'):
title = google_image.select_one('.VFACy.kGQAp.sMi44c.lNHeqe.WGvvNb')['title']
source = google_image.select_one('.fxgdke').text
link = google_image.select_one('.VFACy.kGQAp.sMi44c.lNHeqe.WGvvNb')['href']
print(f'{title}\n{source}\n{link}\n')
# this steps could be refactored to a more compact
all_script_tags = soup.select('script')
# # https://regex101.com/r/48UZhY/4
matched_images_data = ''.join(re.findall(r"AF_initDataCallback\(([^<]+)\);", str(all_script_tags)))
# https://kodlogs.com/34776/json-decoder-jsondecodeerror-expecting-property-name-enclosed-in-double-quotes
# if you try to json.loads() without json.dumps it will throw an error:
# "Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes"
matched_images_data_fix = json.dumps(matched_images_data)
matched_images_data_json = json.loads(matched_images_data_fix)
# https://regex101.com/r/pdZOnW/3
matched_google_image_data = re.findall(r'\[\"GRID_STATE0\",null,\[\[1,\[0,\".*?\",(.*),\"All\",', matched_images_data_json)
# https://regex101.com/r/NnRg27/1
matched_google_images_thumbnails = ', '.join(
re.findall(r'\[\"(https\:\/\/encrypted-tbn0\.gstatic\.com\/images\?.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]',
str(matched_google_image_data))).split(', ')
print('Google Image Thumbnails:') # in order
for fixed_google_image_thumbnail in matched_google_images_thumbnails:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/4004439/15164646 comment by Frédéric Hamidi
google_image_thumbnail_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_google_image_thumbnail, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
# after first decoding, Unicode characters are still present. After the second iteration, they were decoded.
google_image_thumbnail = bytes(google_image_thumbnail_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
print(google_image_thumbnail)
# removing previously matched thumbnails for easier full resolution image matches.
removed_matched_google_images_thumbnails = re.sub(
r'\[\"(https\:\/\/encrypted-tbn0\.gstatic\.com\/images\?.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]', '', str(matched_google_image_data))
# https://regex101.com/r/fXjfb1/4
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/19821774/15164646
matched_google_full_resolution_images = re.findall(r"(?:'|,),\[\"(https:|http.*?)\",\d+,\d+\]",
removed_matched_google_images_thumbnails)
print('\nDownloading Google Full Resolution Images:') # in order
for index, fixed_full_res_image in enumerate(matched_google_full_resolution_images):
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/4004439/15164646 comment by Frédéric Hamidi
original_size_img_not_fixed = bytes(fixed_full_res_image, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
original_size_img = bytes(original_size_img_not_fixed, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
print(original_size_img)
get_images_data()
-------------
'''
Google Images Metadata:
9,000+ Best Cat Photos · 100% Free Download · Pexels Stock Photos
pexels.com
https://www.pexels.com/search/cat/
...
Google Image Thumbnails:
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2cZsuRkkLWXOIsl9BZzbeaCcI0qav7nenDvvqi-YSm4nVJZYyljRsJZv6N5vS8hMNU_w&usqp=CAU
...
Full Resolution Images:
https://images.pexels.com/photos/1170986/pexels-photo-1170986.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-evg-culture-1170986.jpg&fm=jpg
https://images.pexels.com/photos/3777622/pexels-photo-3777622.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=1&w=500
...
'''
或者，您可以使用来自 SerpApi的Google 图片 API来实现相同的目的。这是一个带有免费计划的付费 API。
您的情况的不同之处在于您不必处理正则表达式来匹配和从页面的源代码中提取所需的数据，相反，您只需要迭代结构化 JSON 并更快地获得您想要的。
要集成以实现您的目标的代码：
import os, json # json for pretty output
from serpapi import GoogleSearch
def get_google_images():
params = {
"api_key": os.getenv("API_KEY"),
"engine": "google",
"q": "pexels cat",
"tbm": "isch"
}
search = GoogleSearch(params)
results = search.get_dict()
print(json.dumps(results['images_results'], indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
get_google_images()
---------------
'''
[
...
{
"position": 100, # img number
"thumbnail": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRR1FCGhFsr_qZoxPvQBDjVn17e_8bA5PB8mg&usqp=CAU",
"source": "pexels.com",
"title": "Close-up of Cat · Free Stock Photo",
"link": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-cat-320014/",
"original": "https://images.pexels.com/photos/2612982/pexels-photo-2612982.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=1&w=500",
"is_product": false
}
]
'''
PS - 我写了一篇更深入的博客文章，关于如何抓取谷歌图片，以及如何减少在网络抓取搜索引擎时被阻止的机会。
免责声明，我为 SerpApi 工作。