这是我的第一篇文章，所以请原谅。
我正在尝试使用 matplotlib 创建动画，直到几天前我都可以很好地做到这一点，直到我升级到 OS X Mavericks，然后一切都崩溃了。请注意，以下代码在 OS X Lion 中工作。
突然，我在尝试在 Mavericks 中运行此代码时收到一条错误消息：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import pandas as pd
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d as p3
#----->READ AND FORMAT DATA-----------------------------------------------#
.
.
.
.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# Set up figure & 3D axis for animation
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1], projection='3d') # Correct way to make 3D plots
# set up lines and points
lines = sum([ax.plot([], [], [], '-')], [])
pts = sum([ax.plot([], [], [], 'o')], [])
# Setting the axes properties
ax.set_xlim3d([-2000, 2000])
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylim3d([1350, 1400])
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlim3d([-340, 600])
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
# set point-of-view: specified by (altitude degrees, azimuth degrees)
ax.view_init(40, 0)
ax.set_title('animation')
ax.grid() # add grid
# Initialisation function: plot the background of each frame
def init():
for line, pt in zip(lines, pts):
# Lines
line.set_data([], [])
line.set_3d_properties([])
# Points
pt.set_data([], [])
pt.set_3d_properties([])
return lines + pts
# Animation function. This will be called sequentially with the frame number
def animate(i):
# we'll step two time-steps per frame. This leads to nice results.
i = (2.5 * i)
for line, pt, dat in zip(lines, pts, data):
x, y, z = dat[:i].T
# Lines
line.set_data(x, y)
line.set_3d_properties(z)
# Points
pt.set_data(x[-1:], y[-1:])
pt.set_3d_properties(z[-1:])
ax.view_init(45, i)
fig.canvas.draw()
return lines + pts
#----->ANIMATION-----------------------------------------------------------#
# Creating the Animation object
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
frames=120, interval=30, blit=True)
# Save as mp4. This requires mplayer or ffmpeg to be installed
# anim.save('one_marker_3D.mp4', fps=15, extra_args=['-vcodec', 'libx264'])
plt.show()
这会产生以下错误消息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "shoulder_animation_walking_straight_3D.py", line 26, in <module>
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 423, in figure
**kwargs)
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 79, in new_figure_manager
return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 87, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
window = Tk.Tk()
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1745, in __init__
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
现在正如您所希望看到的，我已尝试使用 TkAgg 后端而不是 'Agg' 后端，正如文档 ( https://wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter ) 所推荐的那样。这似乎会导致新版本的 OS X 出现问题，因为不再支持 X11，而必须安装 XQuartz。这个我也做过。但它仍然给我同样的错误。
我还尝试使用 macports 安装 py33-tkinter，但这也不起作用，但也许我没有正确安装。我只是做了
sudo port py33-tkinter
一般来说，我对 python 和 unix 还是很陌生。
更新（22/12/13）：
我做了以下
Python 2.7.5 |Anaconda 1.8.0 (x86_64)| (default, Oct 24 2013, 07:02:20)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import Tkinter
然后运行 Tkinter 测试
>>> Tkinter._test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 3770, in _test
root = Tk()
File "/Users/me/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1745, in __init__
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
>>>
可能对比我更了解这一点的人有所帮助。