我正在使用带有 DrRacket 列表缩写的起始语言,并且想要递归地创建一个 powerset,但无法弄清楚如何去做。我目前有这么多
(define
(powerset aL)
(cond
[(empty? aL) (list)]
任何帮助都会很好。
电源组中有什么?一个集合的子集! 空集是任何集合的子集, 所以空集的幂集不是空的。 它的(唯一)元素是一个空集:
(define
(powerset aL)
(cond
[(empty? aL) (list empty)]
[else
至于非空集,有一个选择, 对于每个集合的元素,是否为 或不包含在子集中 它是powerset的成员。
因此,我们在组合时包括了这两种选择 第一个具有较小幂集的元素, 那,我们递归地应用 其余输入的过程相同:
(combine (first aL)
(powerset (rest aL)))]))
(define
(combine a r) ; `r` for Recursive Result
(cond
[(empty? r) empty] ; nothing to combine `a` with
[else
(cons (cons a (first r)) ; Both add `a` and
(cons (first r) ; don't add, to first subset in `r`
(combine ; and do the same
a ; with
(rest r))))])) ; the rest of `r`
“没有答案,只有选择”。相反, 做出的选择就是答案的组成部分。
这是另一种实现,经过几次测试后,它似乎比 Chris 对更大列表的回答要快。它使用标准球拍进行了测试:
(define (powerset aL)
(if (empty? aL)
'(())
(let ((rst (powerset (rest aL))))
(append (map (lambda (x) (cons (first aL) x))
rst)
rst))))
在球拍中,
#lang racket
(define (power-set xs)
(cond
[(empty? xs) (list empty)] ; the empty set has only empty as subset
[(cons? xs) (define x (first xs)) ; a constructed list has a first element
(define ys (rest xs)) ; and a list of the remaining elements
;; There are two types of subsets of xs, thouse that
;; contain x and those without x.
(define with-out-x ; the power sets without x
(power-set ys))
(define with-x ; to get the power sets with x we
(cons-all x with-out-x)) ; we add x to the power sets without x
(append with-out-x with-x)])) ; Now both kind of subsets are returned.
(define (cons-all x xss)
; xss is a list of lists
; cons x onto all the lists in xss
(cond
[(empty? xss) empty]
[(cons? xss) (cons (cons x (first xss)) ; cons x to the first sublist
(cons-all x (rest xss)))])) ; and to the rest of the sublists
去测试:
(power-set '(a b c))
这是我的 power set 实现(尽管我只使用标准 Racket 语言测试了它,而不是初级学生):
(define (powerset lst)
(if (null? lst)
'(())
(append-map (lambda (x)
(list x (cons (car lst) x)))
(powerset (cdr lst)))))
(感谢samth提醒我在 Racket 中调用了 flatmap append-map
!)
你可以只使用副作用:
(define res '())
(define
(pow raw leaf)
(cond
[(empty? raw) (set! res (cons leaf res))
res]
[else (pow (cdr raw) leaf)
(pow (cdr raw) (cons (car raw) leaf))]))
(pow '(1 2 3) '())