我正在努力用 C++11 编写一个小文件句柄类。我知道 STL 中已经有很多可以实际处理文件的内容,但出于学习目的,我想自己做这件事。
不幸的是,我似乎不明白,异常对 C++ 程序的内存泄漏行为有什么影响,因为 Valgrind 告诉我,以下代码中有 2 个内存泄漏:
文件.h
#ifndef FILE_H
#define FILE_H
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
class FileDeleter {
public:
void operator()(FILE *p);
};
class File {
public:
File(const std::string path);
private:
const std::string _path;
std::unique_ptr<FILE, FileDeleter> _fp;
};
#endif // FILE_H
文件.cpp
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <utility>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "file.h"
void FileDeleter::operator()(FILE *p)
{
if (!p)
return;
if (fclose(p) == EOF)
std::cerr << "FileDeleter: Couldn't close file" << std::endl;
}
File::File(const std::string path)
: _path(std::move(path)),
_fp(fopen(_path.c_str(), "a+"))
{
if (!_fp)
throw std::runtime_error("Couldn't open file");
}
主文件
#include <cstdlib>
#include "file.h"
int main()
{
File my_file("/root/.bashrc");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
我确实选择打开 /root/.bashrc 是为了让 File ctor 抛出异常。如果我不扔在那里,Valgrind 会非常高兴。在使用异常时我在这里缺少什么?你如何“正确”实现一个简单的文件句柄(异常安全)?
提前致谢!
注意:仍然缺少读/写操作,因为我已经在基础知识上苦苦挣扎。
编辑#1: 这是实际的 Valgrind 输出,使用 --leak-check=full:
==7998== HEAP SUMMARY:
==7998== in use at exit: 233 bytes in 3 blocks
==7998== total heap usage: 5 allocs, 2 frees, 817 bytes allocated
==7998==
==7998== 38 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 1 of 3
==7998== at 0x4C27CC2: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7998== by 0x4EEC4F8: std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x4EEDC30: char* std::string::_S_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x4EEE047: std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x40137D: main (in ../a.out)
==7998==
==7998== 43 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 2 of 3
==7998== at 0x4C27CC2: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7998== by 0x4EEC4F8: std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x4EEDC30: char* std::string::_S_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x4EEE047: std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x400EBF: File::File(std::string) (in /home/frank/3Other/Code/Laboratory/c++/c++namedpipe/a.out)
==7998== by 0x401390: main (in ../a.out)
==7998==
==7998== 152 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 3 of 3
==7998== at 0x4C27730: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==7998== by 0x4E8F8F2: __cxa_allocate_exception (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.18)
==7998== by 0x400E9B: File::File(std::string) (in /home/frank/3Other/Code/Laboratory/c++/c++namedpipe/a.out)
==7998== by 0x401390: main (in ../a.out)
==7998==
==7998== LEAK SUMMARY:
==7998== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7998== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7998== possibly lost: 233 bytes in 3 blocks
==7998== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==7998== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
编辑#2: 修复了析构函数中抛出的异常。
编辑#3: 删除 FileException 类,改用 std::runtime_error 。
编辑#4: 在删除器中添加了 NULL 检查。