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我在笔记本电脑上运行 Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)，并希望 NumLock 根据我的 USB 键盘是插入（numlock on）还是拔出（numlock off）自动切换。

为此，我首先安装了“numlockx”包。numlockx on并且numlockx off工作正常。

要连接到设备系统，我想我会使用 udev。我查看了 StackOverflow 上的其他问题并阅读了“Writing udev rules”。但我无法让 udev 规则发挥作用。

首先，这是一个dmesg输出示例：

[20906.985102] USB 3-2：使用 uhci_hcd 和地址 6 的新低速 USB 设备
[20907.166403] USB 3-2：配置 #1 从 1 个选项中选择
[20907.192904] 输入：Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/input/input20
[20907.193100] microsoft 0003:045E:00DB.000B: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input0
[20907.217810] 输入：Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21
[20907.217979] microsoft 0003:045E:00DB.000C: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 设备 [Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input1

我曾经udevadm info收集设备信息：

> udevadm 信息-a -p /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21

  查看设备“/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21”：
    内核=="输入21"
    SUBSYSTEM=="输入"
    驱动程序==""
    ATTR{phys}=="usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input1"
    ATTR{uniq}==""
    ATTR{modalias}=="input:b0003v045Ep00DBe0111-e0,1,2,3,4,14,k71,72,73,74,75,77,79,7A,7B,7C,7D,7E,7F,80 ,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,8A,8B,8C,8E,90,96,98,9B,9C,9E,9F,A1,A3,A4,A5,A6 ,A7,A8,A9,AB,AC,AD,AE,B0,B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B8,B9,BA,BB,BC,BD,BE,BF,C0,C1,C2 ,CE,CF,D0,D1,D2,D5,D9,DB,DF,E2,E7,E8,E9,EA,EB,F0,100,162,166,16A,16E,178,179,17A,17B,17C,17D,17F ,180,181,182,185,18C,18D,192,193,195,1A0,1A1,1A2,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1AA,1AB,1AC,1AD,1AE,1B0,1B1,1B7,r6,a20,m4 ,lsfw”

  查看父设备'/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1'：
    KERNELS=="3-2:1.1"
    子系统=="usb"
    驱动程序=="usbhid"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="01"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="01"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="03"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v045Ep00DBd0173dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc00ip00"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"

  查看父设备'/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2'：
    内核=="3-2"
    子系统=="usb"
    驱动程序=="usb"
    ATTRS{配置}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}=="2"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="a0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="100mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="532"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="045e"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="00db"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0173"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="8"
    ATTRS{速度}=="1.5"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="6"
    ATTRS{版本}=="2.00"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{怪癖}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{授权}=="1"
    ATTRS{制造商}=="微软"

  查看父设备“/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3”：
    内核=="usb3"
    子系统=="usb"
    驱动程序=="usb"
    ATTRS{配置}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}==" 0mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="127"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0001"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0206"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{速度}=="12"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{版本}=="1.10"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="2"
    ATTRS{怪癖}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{授权}=="1"
    ATTRS{制造商}=="Linux 2.6.31-16-generic uhci_hcd"
    ATTRS{product}=="UHCI 主机控制器"
    ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:1a.0"
    ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"

  查看父设备“/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0”：
    KERNELS=="0000:00:1a.0"
    子系统=="pci"
    驱动程序=="uhci_hcd"
    ATTRS{供应商}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{设备}=="0x2937"
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1558"
    ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x0860"
    ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0300"
    ATTRS{irq}=="16"
    ATTRS{local_cpus}=="ff"
    ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-7"
    ATTRS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002937sv00001558sd00000860bc0Csc03i00"
    ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
    ATTRS{msi_bus}==""

  查看父设备“/devices/pci0000:00”：
    内核=="pci0000:00"
    子系统==""
    驱动程序==""

所以我创建了一个名为/etc/udev/rules.d/usb-keyboard.rules：

# 插入键盘时打开 NumLock。
ACTION=="add", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Microsoft", SUBSYSTEM=="input", RUN+="/usr/bin/numlockx on"

# 拔下键盘时关闭 NumLock。
ACTION=="remove", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Microsoft", SUBSYSTEM=="input", RUN+="/usr/bin/numlockx off"

我曾经用来udevadm test验证规则是否正确：

> udevadm 测试 --action=add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21
run_command：调用：测试
udevadm_test：版本 147

[...]
parse_file: 读取 '/etc/udev/rules.d/usb-keyboard.rules' 作为规则文件
udev_rules_new：规则使用 180864 字节令牌（15072 * 12 字节），31614 字节缓冲区
udev_rules_new：使用的临时索引 49760 字节（2488 * 20 字节）
udev_device_new_from_syspath：设备 0x28d7d80 具有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21'
udev_rules_apply_to_event: 运行 '/sbin/modprobe -b $env{MODALIAS}' /lib/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules:5
udev_rules_apply_to_event：运行“套接字：@/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event”/lib/udev/rules.d/90-hal.rules:2
udev_device_new_from_syspath：设备 0x28d8560 具有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1'
udev_device_new_from_syspath：设备 0x28d8708 具有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2'
udev_rules_apply_to_event: RUN '/usr/bin/numlockx on' /etc/udev/rules.d/usb-keyboard.rules:7
udevadm_test：UDEV_LOG=6
udevadm_test：DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21
udevadm_test：产品=3/45e/db/111
udevadm_test: NAME="Microsoft Natural® 人体工学键盘 4000"
udevadm_test: PHYS="usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input1"
udevadm_test：UNIQ=""
udevadm_test：EV==10001f
udevadm_test: KEY==837fff 2c3027 bf004444 0 0 1 10f84 8a27c007 ff7f7bfa d9415fff febeffdf ffefffff ffffffff fffffffe
udevadm_test: REL==40
udevadm_test：ABS==1 0
udevadm_test：MSC==10
udevadm_test: MODALIAS=input:b0003v045Ep00DBe0111-e0,1,2,3,4,14,k71,72,73,74,75,77,79,7A,7B,7C,7D,7E,7F,80,81, 82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,8A,8B,8C,8E,90,96,98,9B,9C,9E,9F,A1,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7, A8,A9,AB,AC,AD,AE,B0,B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B8,B9,BA,BB,BC,BD,BE,BF,C0,C1,C2,CE, CF,D0,D1,D2,D5,D9,DB,DF,E2,E7,E8,E9,EA,EB,F0,100,162,166,16A,16E,178,179,17A,17B,17C,17D,17F,180,181,182,185, 18C,18D,192,193,195,1A0,1A1,1A2,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1AA,1AB,1AC,1AD,1AE,1B0,1B1,1B7,r6,a20,m4,lsfw
udevadm_test：动作=添加
udevadm_test: SUBSYSTEM=输入
udevadm_test: 运行: '/sbin/modprobe -b 输入:b0003v045Ep00DBe0111-e0,1,2,3,4,14,k71,72,73,74,75,77,79,7A,7B,7C,7D,7E ,7F,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,8A,8B,8C,8E,90,96,98,9B,9C,9E,9F,A1,A3,A4 ,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9,AB,AC,AD,AE,B0,B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B8,B9,BA,BB,BC,BD,BE,BF,C0 ,C1,C2,CE,CF,D0,D1,D2,D5,D9,DB,DF,E2,E7,E8,E9,EA,EB,F0,100,162,166,16A,16E,178,179,17A,17B,17C ,17D,17F,180,181,182,185,18C,18D,192,193,195,1A0,1A1,1A2,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1AA,1AB,1AC,1AD,1AE,1B0,1B1,1B7,r6 ,a20,m4,lsfw'
udevadm_test: 运行: 'socket:@/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event'
udevadm_test：运行：'/usr/bin/numlockx on'

这是“删除”测试：

> udevadm 测试 --action=remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21

run_command：调用：测试
udevadm_test：版本 147

[...]
parse_file: 读取 '/etc/udev/rules.d/usb-keyboard.rules' 作为规则文件
udev_rules_new：规则使用 180864 字节令牌（15072 * 12 字节），31614 字节缓冲区
udev_rules_new：使用的临时索引 49760 字节（2488 * 20 字节）
udev_device_new_from_syspath：设备 0xd2fd80 具有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21'
udev_rules_apply_to_event：运行“套接字：@/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event”/lib/udev/rules.d/90-hal.rules:2
udev_device_new_from_syspath: 设备 0xd2fff8 有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1'
udev_device_new_from_syspath：设备 0xd30690 具有 devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2'
udev_rules_apply_to_event: 运行'/usr/bin/numlockx off' /etc/udev/rules.d/usb-keyboard.rules:10
udevadm_test：UDEV_LOG=6
udevadm_test：DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/input/input21
udevadm_test：产品=3/45e/db/111
udevadm_test: NAME="Microsoft Natural® 人体工学键盘 4000"
udevadm_test: PHYS="usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input1"
udevadm_test：UNIQ=""
udevadm_test：EV==10001f
udevadm_test: KEY==837fff 2c3027 bf004444 0 0 1 10f84 8a27c007 ff7f7bfa d9415fff febeffdf ffefffff ffffffff fffffffe
udevadm_test: REL==40
udevadm_test：ABS==1 0
udevadm_test：MSC==10
udevadm_test: MODALIAS=input:b0003v045Ep00DBe0111-e0,1,2,3,4,14,k71,72,73,74,75,77,79,7A,7B,7C,7D,7E,7F,80,81, 82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,8A,8B,8C,8E,90,96,98,9B,9C,9E,9F,A1,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7, A8,A9,AB,AC,AD,AE,B0,B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B8,B9,BA,BB,BC,BD,BE,BF,C0,C1,C2,CE, CF,D0,D1,D2,D5,D9,DB,DF,E2,E7,E8,E9,EA,EB,F0,100,162,166,16A,16E,178,179,17A,17B,17C,17D,17F,180,181,182,185, 18C,18D,192,193,195,1A0,1A1,1A2,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1AA,1AB,1AC,1AD,1AE,1B0,1B1,1B7,r6,a20,m4,lsfw
udevadm_test：动作=删除
udevadm_test: SUBSYSTEM=输入
udevadm_test: 运行: 'socket:@/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event'
udevadm_test：运行：'/usr/bin/numlockx off'

问题是当键盘插入或拔出时，NumLock 状态不会改变。我尝试重新启动 udev 服务，但没有成功。我的udev规则错了吗？我会以错误的方式解决这个问题吗？

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1 回答 1

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  1. 我对此不是很了解，但我的猜测是键盘状态是由 X11“管道”管理的，它比 udev 处于更高的级别，所以无论你在那里做什么都会被覆盖。您可以通过深入研究/etc/X11.

  2. 您可以在 superuser.com 上获得更多相关答案（链接在本页最底部）。我不会投票结束你的问题，但其他人可能会。

于 2010-01-12T06:27:13.553 回答