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我们如何在 Jena 中定义类和子类，然后将它们添加为其他资源的类型？我使用 Java、Jena 和 RDF/XML 表示法。我想创建类似的东西：

<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.help.me/NS/Classname"/>
<rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.help.me/NS/Subclassname">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.help.me/NS/Classname"/>
</rdfs:Class>

之后：将资源链接到子类：

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.help.me/NS/NewResource">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.help.me/NS/Subclassname"/>
    ...
</rdf:Description>

编辑：

到目前为止，我发现了如何定义一个类：

model.createResource("http://www.help.me/NS/", RDFS.Class);
4

1 回答 1

6

通常，您应该阅读Model的 javadoc以及与之相关的类和接口（例如，资源）。您不需要记住所有细节，但至少要熟悉它们提供的方法类型，这样您就知道如何完成某事。我建议您阅读有关OntModel及其相关类和接口（例如，Individual）的信息。

创建子类

您可以通过直接向模型添加语句或向资源添加属性来创建子类关系，或者，如果您使用 OntModel 和 OntClasses，则使用 addSubClass 和 addSuperClass 方法。

import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModel;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModelSpec;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.vocabulary.RDFS;

public class AddTypesExample {
    final private static String NS = "http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/";

    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        subclassModel().write( System.out, "RDF/XML" );
        System.out.println();
        subclassOntModel().write( System.out, "RDF/XML" );
    }

    public static Model subclassModel() {
        final Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
        final Resource classA = model.createResource( NS+"A" );
        final Resource classB = model.createResource( NS+"B" );
        final Resource classC = model.createResource( NS+"C" );
        classB.addProperty( RDFS.subClassOf, classA );
        model.add( classC, RDFS.subClassOf, classA );
        return model;
    }

    public static OntModel subclassOntModel() { 
        final OntModel model = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( OntModelSpec.RDFS_MEM );
        final OntClass a = model.createClass( NS+"A" );
        final OntClass b = model.createClass( NS+"B" );
        final OntClass c = model.createClass( NS+"C" );
        a.addSubClass( b );
        c.addSuperClass( a );
        return model;
    }
}

<!-- the plain Model -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/C">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/B">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

<!-- the OntModel -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/C">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/B">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

向资源（或个人）添加类型

但是，在这种情况下，您已经使用了一些可用于向资源添加类型的方法，因此您已经回答了自己的问题。创建资源时，可以指定类型。例如，得到

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.help.me/NS/NewResource">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.help.me/NS/Subclassname"/>
    ...
</rdf:Description>

你可以这样做：

model.createResource( "http://www.help.me/NS/NewResource",
                      model.createResource( "http://www.help.me/NS/Subclassname" ));

更一般地说，看看这样的代码：

import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.vocabulary.RDF;

public class AddTypesExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String NS = "http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/";
        final Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();

        final Resource classA = model.createResource( NS+"A" );
        final Resource classB = model.createResource( NS+"B" );
        final Resource classC = model.createResource( NS+"C" );
        final Resource classD = model.createResource( NS+"D" );

        // You can create a resource with a specified type.
        final Resource x = model.createResource( NS+"x", classA );

        // And subsequent calls to createResource will add more types.
        model.createResource( NS+"x", classB );

        // You could also add the type to the resource
        x.addProperty( RDF.type, classC );

        // Or add the statement to the model
        model.add( x, RDF.type, classD );

        model.write( System.out, "RDF/XML" );
    }
}

产生输出：

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:j.0="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/x">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/D"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/C"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/B"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

如果您使用的是 OntModel，您可以使用它createIndividual来创建具有指定类型的新个体，并且可以使用其addRDFType方法添加另一种类型，还可以从 OntClass 对象创建个体：

public static void main( String[] args ) {
    final OntModel ontModel = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( OntModelSpec.RDFS_MEM );
    ontModel.setNsPrefix( "so", NS );
    final OntClass classA = ontModel.createClass( NS+"A" );
    final OntClass classB = ontModel.createClass( NS+"B" );
    final OntClass classC = ontModel.createClass( NS+"C" );

    final Individual x = ontModel.createIndividual( NS+"x", classA );
    x.addRDFType( classB );
    classC.createIndividual( NS+"x" );

    ontModel.write( System.out, "RDF/XML" );
}

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:so="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/C">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/B">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/x">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/C"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/B"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/q/20222080/1281433/A">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
于 2013-11-26T16:47:05.480 回答