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我想使用提供的 API 从 R 中的 NIST webbook 网站检索与给定 CAS 注册号（Chemical Abstracts Service nr）相关的信息。

例如对于 cas nr。“19431-79-9”（Caryophylladienol II）， http: //webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=19431-79-9&Units=SI&Mask=2000#Gas-Chrom 我得到了

casno = "19431-79-9"
casno2 = gsub("-", "", casno)
raw=readLines(paste('http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=',casno,'&Units=SI&Mask=2000#Gas-Chrom', sep=""))

# mass spec, empty here, but not e.g. for casno2="630035" 
casno2="630035"
jcampfile = readLines(paste("http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?JCAMP=C",casno2,"&Index=0&Type=Mass",sep=""))
if (jcampfile[[1]]=="##TITLE=Spectrum not found.") jcampfile=NA              

casno2 = gsub("-", "", casno)
# molecular stucture
molfile2d=readLines(paste("http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Str2File=C",casno2,sep=""))
if (molfile2d==character(0)) molfile2d=NA
molfile3d=readLines(paste("http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Str3File=C",casno2,sep=""))
if (molfile3d==character(0)) molfile3d=NA

然后，我想从原始输出的以下位中提取以下变量和列表：

"name=\" Top \">Caryophylladienol II</a></h1>" 
-> name="Caryophylladienol II"

"Formula</a>:</strong> C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>24</sub>O</li>\n \n \n<li><strong>" 
-> formula="C15H24O"

"Molecular weight</a>:</strong> 220.3505</li>\n \n \n<li>" 
-> MW=220.3505

"IUPAC Standard InChI:</strong>\n \n<br /><table>\n<tr><td>\n<ul style=\" list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><tt>InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-6-8-14(16)11(2)5-7-13-12(10)9-15(13,3)4/h12-14,16H,1-2,5-9H2,3-4H3/t12?,13?,14-/m1/s1</tt></li>\n" 
-> InChI="InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-6-8-14(16)11(2)5-7-13-12(10)9-15(13,3)4/h12-14,16H,1-2,5-9H2,3-4H3/t12?,13?,14-/m1/s1" 

"IUPAC Standard InChIKey:</strong>\n<tt>CIIYOYPOMGIECX-JXQTWKCFSA-N</tt>" 
-> InChiKey="CIIYOYPOMGIECX-JXQTWKCFSA-N"

"Stereoisomers:....<strong>
-> stereoisomers=XXX (list of stereoisomers)

"Other names:...\n"
-> synonyms=XXX (list of synonyms)

"Normal alkane RI..."
-> list of measured RIs plus on which column they were measured
e.g. here RIs=c(1637,1631,1627,1656,1615,1638,1628,1602,1611,1635,1622,1622,1627); columns=c("HP-5 MS","DB-5","RTX-1","Col-Elite 5MS","DB-5","DB-5","DB-5","DB-1","DB-5","CP Sil 5 CB","BP-1","RTX-1","DB-5")

关于如何最好地进行后一种解析的任何想法？理想情况下，这应该全部封装到一个函数中，该函数将 CAS nrs 列表作为输入，使用 NIST webbook 中的信息对其进行注释，并将它们写入文本文件。但没必要把它弄得如此完美——任何能让我开始的事情都会有帮助！

编辑：我一直在尝试使用 XML 包中的 htmlTreeParse 解析 html 文件，但我不太成功。任何对该功能有更多经验的人都可以帮助我吗？

编辑：我已经找到了在 Mathematica 中导入数据的解决方案，请参阅https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/37091/look-up-info-associated-with-a-given-cas-chemical-identifier-来自-the-nist-webbo。如果有人有能力将该代码移植到 R，请告诉我！

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1 回答 1

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对于您问题中的第一个 URL 字符串，请尝试

casno = "19431-79-9"
url <- paste('http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=',casno,'&Units=SI&Mask=2000#Gas-Chrom', sep="")
doc <- htmlParse(url)

name <- xpathSApply(doc, "//a[@id='Top']", xmlValue)
name
[1] "Caryophylladienol II"

抓取所有带有粗体标题的列表（一些输出被截断以供显示）

x <- xpathSApply(doc, "//li/strong/..", xmlValue)
x

[1] "Formula: C15H24O" 
[2] "Molecular weight: 220.3505" 
[3] "IUPAC Standard InChI:\n\n\nInChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-6-8-14(16)11(2)5-7-13-12(10)9-15(13,3)4/h12-14,16H,1-2,5-9H2, ...
[4] "IUPAC Standard InChIKey:\nCIIYOYPOMGIECX-JXQTWKCFSA-N" 
[5] "CAS Registry Number: 19431-79-9"  
[6] "Chemical structure: \nThis structure is also available as a 2d Mol file\n
[7] "Species with the same structure:\nCaryophylla-4(14), 8(15)-dien-5-ol\n\n"
[8] "Stereoisomers:\nCaryophylladienol I\nCaryophylla-3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol\n«alpha»-Caryophylladienol\nExo methylene ...
[9] "Other names:\nCaryophylla-4(14),8(15)-dien-5«alpha»-ol;\nCaryophylla-2(12),6(13)-dien-5-«alpha»-ol;\nCaryophylla ...
[10] "Information on this page:\nGas Chromatography\nReferences\nNotes / Error Report\n\n"
[11] "Options:\nSwitch to calorie-based units\n\n"

如果您只写入文件，那么您可以修复元素 8 中的分隔列表（用分号替换换行符）并删除剩余的换行符。 

x <- gsub(":\n", ": ", x) 
x[8] <- gsub("\n+", ";", x[8])
x <- gsub("\n", "", x)
x <- gsub("Download the identifier in a file.", "", x)

对表格使用 readHTMLTable

y <-readHTMLTable(doc, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)

然后计数行以找到正确的表并获取值

sapply(y, nrow)
NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 
   1    1    5   13    6    1 

y[[4]][,2:3]
    Active phase     I
1        HP-5 MS 1637.
2        DB-5 MS 1631.
3          RTX-1 1627.
4  Col-Elite 5MS 1656.
5           DB-5 1615.
...

ri <- paste0(gsub(".", "", y[[4]][,3], fixed=TRUE), "=", y[[4]][,2], collapse=";")
ri
[1] "1637=HP-5 MS;1631=DB-5 MS;1627=RTX-1;1656=Col-Elite 5MS;1615=DB-5;1638=DB-5;1628=DB-5;1602=DB-1;1611=DB-5;1635=CP Sil 5 CB;1622=BP-1;1622=RTX-1;1627=DB-5"

最后，合并并写入文件

cas <- c(paste("Name:", name), x[c(1:5,7:9)], paste("RI:", ri) )
write( cas, file="cas.out")

还有其他方法可以获取无序列表中的值，例如，将所有立体异构体作为向量...

stereo <- xpathSApply(doc, "//li/strong[text()='Stereoisomers:']/../ul/li/a", xmlValue)
 [1] "Caryophylladienol I"                       "Caryophylla-3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol"         "«alpha»-Caryophylladienol"                
 [4] "Exo methylene isomer of Caryophyllenol I"  "«beta»-Caryophylla-4(14),8(15)-dien-5-ol"  "Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-«beta»-ol" 
 [7] "Caryophylla-4,8-dien-5-ol"                 "Caryophylla-4(12),8(13) diene 5 «beta»-ol" "Caryophyla-4(14),8(15)-dien-5-ol"         
[10] "Caryophylla-4(12).8(13)-diene-5«beta»-ol"  "2(12),6(13)-Caryophylladien-5-ol"

然后将多行写入文件。

paste("Stereoisomer:", stereo)
于 2013-11-18T17:11:52.143 回答