虽然它可以从命令行完成，但有时您只需要一个易于使用的脚本，它可以提供更有用的输出。考虑到这一点，这里有一个 perl 解决方案，对于遇到此问题的任何人都具有友好的输出。
#!/usr/bin/env perl5.8.3
# subst [-v] [-f] "re/string to find" "string to replace" -- list of files
# optional -v flag shows each line with replacement, must be 1st arg to script
# optional -f flag says to disable regexp functionality and make the strings match exactly
# replacement string may include back references ($1, $2, etc) to items in "string to find" if they are surrounded by grouping parenthesis
use strict;
use warnings;
use List::Util;
use IO::File;
use Fcntl;
use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptions);
my $verbose = 0;
my $fixed = 0;
GetOptions("v" => \$verbose,
"f" => \$fixed);
my $find = shift @ARGV;
my $replace = shift @ARGV;
die "Error: missing 1st arg, string to find\n" if not defined $find;
die "Error: missing 2nd arg, string to replace with\n" if not defined $replace;
die "No files were specified\n" if @ARGV == 0;
# open a temp file for writing changes to
my $TEMP = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
if (not defined $TEMP)
{
print STDERR "ERROR: failed to create temp file: $!\n";
exit 1;
}
# Fix max file name width for printing
my $fwidth = List::Util::max map { length $_ } @ARGV;
# Process each file
my $unchanged = 0;
my $changed = 0;
foreach my $file (@ARGV)
{
if (open(my $FILE, '<', $file))
{
# Reset temp file
seek $TEMP, 0, SEEK_SET or die "ERROR: seek in temp file failed: $!";
truncate $TEMP, 0 or die "ERROR: truncate of temp file failed: $!";
# go through the file, replacing strings
my $changes = 0;
while(defined(my $line = <$FILE>))
{
if ($line =~ m/$find/g)
{
print "-" . $line if $verbose;
print "\n" if $verbose and $line !~ m/\n$/;
if ($fixed)
{
my $index = index($line, $find);
substr($line, $index, length($find)) = $replace;
}
else
{
$line =~ s/$find/replacebackrefs($replace)/eg;
}
$changes++;
print "+" . $line if $verbose;
print "\n" if $verbose and $line !~ m/\n$/;
}
print $TEMP $line;
}
close $FILE;
if ($changes == 0)
{
$unchanged++;
unlink("/tmp/subst$$");
next;
}
# Move new contents into old file
$changed++;
printf "%*s - %3d changes\n", -$fwidth, $file, $changes;
seek $TEMP, 0, SEEK_SET or die "ERROR: rewind of temp file failed: $!";
open $FILE, '>', $file or die "ERROR: failed to re-write $file: $!\n";
while (<$TEMP>) { print $FILE $_ }
close $FILE;
print "\n" if $verbose;
}
else
{
print STDERR "Error opening $file: $!\n";
}
}
close $TEMP;
print "\n";
print "$changed files changed, $unchanged files unchanged\n";
exit 0;
sub replacebackrefs
{
# 1st/only argument is the text matched
my $matchedtext = shift @_;
my @backref;
# @- is a dynamic variable that holds the offsets of submatches in
# the currently active dynamic scope (i.e. within each regexp
# match), corresponding to grouping parentheses. We use the count
# of entrees in @- to determine how many matches there were and
# store them into an array. Note that @- index [0] is not
# interesting to us because it has a special meaning (see man
# perlvar for @-)\, and that backrefs start with $1 not $0.
# We cannot do the actual replacement within this loop.
do
{
no strict 'refs'; # turn of warnings of dynamic variables
foreach my $matchnum (1 .. $#-)
{
$backref[$matchnum] = ${$matchnum}; # i.e. $1 or $2 ...
}
} while(0);
# now actually replace each back reference in the matched text
# with the saved submatches.
$matchedtext =~ s/\$(\d+)/$backref[$1]/g;
# return a scalar string to actually use as the replacement text,
# with all the backreferences in the matched text replaced with
# their submatch text.
return $matchedtext;
}