8

如何使用 PHP 检测爬虫/蜘蛛？

我目前正在做一个项目，我需要跟踪每个爬虫的访问。
我知道您应该使用 HTTP_USER_AGENT 但我不确定如何为此目的格式化代码，而且我知道 USER AGENT 可以很容易地更改，所以我也想知道是否可以添加更多参数避免欺骗？

我正在尝试做的示例代码..

<?php
$user_agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
if (strpos( $user_agent, 'Google') !== false)
{
echo "Googlebot is here";
}
?>

谢谢

4

3 回答 3

17

根据验证 Googlebot：

您可以通过使用反向 DNS 查找来验证访问您服务器的机器人确实是 Googlebot（或另一个 Google 用户代理），验证该名称是否在 googlebot.com 域中，然后使用该 googlebot 名称进行正向 DNS 查找. 如果您担心垃圾邮件发送者或其他麻烦制造者在访问您的网站时声称自己是 Googlebot，这将非常有用。

例如：

host 66.249.66.1
1.66.249.66.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer
crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com.

host crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com
crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com has address 66.249.66.1
Google 不会发布公开的 IP 地址列表供网站管理员列入白名单。这是因为这些 IP 地址范围可能会发生变化，这会给任何硬编码它们的网站管理员带来问题。识别 Googlebot 访问的最佳方法是使用用户代理 (Googlebot)。

您可以进行反向 DNS 查找：

function validateGoogleBotIP($ip) {
    $hostname = gethostbyaddr($ip); //"crawl-66-249-66-1.googlebot.com"

    return preg_match('/\.google(bot)?\.com$/i', $hostname);
}

if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Google') !== false) {
    if (validateGoogleBotIP($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
        echo 'It is ACTUALLY google';
    } else {
        echo 'Someone\'s faking it!';
    }
} else {
    echo 'Nothing to do with Google';
}
于 2013-11-14T14:51:28.577 回答
5

100% 在我的网站上工作以检测机器人、爬虫、蜘蛛和复印机。

function isBotDetected() {

    if ( preg_match('/abacho|accona|AddThis|AdsBot|ahoy|AhrefsBot|AISearchBot|alexa|altavista|anthill|appie|applebot|arale|araneo|AraybOt|ariadne|arks|aspseek|ATN_Worldwide|Atomz|baiduspider|baidu|bbot|bingbot|bing|Bjaaland|BlackWidow|BotLink|bot|boxseabot|bspider|calif|CCBot|ChinaClaw|christcrawler|CMC\/0\.01|combine|confuzzledbot|contaxe|CoolBot|cosmos|crawler|crawlpaper|crawl|curl|cusco|cyberspyder|cydralspider|dataprovider|digger|DIIbot|DotBot|downloadexpress|DragonBot|DuckDuckBot|dwcp|EasouSpider|ebiness|ecollector|elfinbot|esculapio|ESI|esther|eStyle|Ezooms|facebookexternalhit|facebook|facebot|fastcrawler|FatBot|FDSE|FELIX IDE|fetch|fido|find|Firefly|fouineur|Freecrawl|froogle|gammaSpider|gazz|gcreep|geona|Getterrobo-Plus|get|girafabot|golem|googlebot|\-google|grabber|GrabNet|griffon|Gromit|gulliver|gulper|hambot|havIndex|hotwired|htdig|HTTrack|ia_archiver|iajabot|IDBot|Informant|InfoSeek|InfoSpiders|INGRID\/0\.1|inktomi|inspectorwww|Internet Cruiser Robot|irobot|Iron33|JBot|jcrawler|Jeeves|jobo|KDD\-Explorer|KIT\-Fireball|ko_yappo_robot|label\-grabber|larbin|legs|libwww-perl|linkedin|Linkidator|linkwalker|Lockon|logo_gif_crawler|Lycos|m2e|majesticsEO|marvin|mattie|mediafox|mediapartners|MerzScope|MindCrawler|MJ12bot|mod_pagespeed|moget|Motor|msnbot|muncher|muninn|MuscatFerret|MwdSearch|NationalDirectory|naverbot|NEC\-MeshExplorer|NetcraftSurveyAgent|NetScoop|NetSeer|newscan\-online|nil|none|Nutch|ObjectsSearch|Occam|openstat.ru\/Bot|packrat|pageboy|ParaSite|patric|pegasus|perlcrawler|phpdig|piltdownman|Pimptrain|pingdom|pinterest|pjspider|PlumtreeWebAccessor|PortalBSpider|psbot|rambler|Raven|RHCS|RixBot|roadrunner|Robbie|robi|RoboCrawl|robofox|Scooter|Scrubby|Search\-AU|searchprocess|search|SemrushBot|Senrigan|seznambot|Shagseeker|sharp\-info\-agent|sift|SimBot|Site Valet|SiteSucker|skymob|SLCrawler\/2\.0|slurp|snooper|solbot|speedy|spider_monkey|SpiderBot\/1\.0|spiderline|spider|suke|tach_bw|TechBOT|TechnoratiSnoop|templeton|teoma|titin|topiclink|twitterbot|twitter|UdmSearch|Ukonline|UnwindFetchor|URL_Spider_SQL|urlck|urlresolver|Valkyrie libwww\-perl|verticrawl|Victoria|void\-bot|Voyager|VWbot_K|wapspider|WebBandit\/1\.0|webcatcher|WebCopier|WebFindBot|WebLeacher|WebMechanic|WebMoose|webquest|webreaper|webspider|webs|WebWalker|WebZip|wget|whowhere|winona|wlm|WOLP|woriobot|WWWC|XGET|xing|yahoo|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|yandex|yeti|Zeus/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
    ) {
        return true; // 'Above given bots detected'
    }

    return false;

} // End :: isBotDetected()
于 2020-02-04T10:16:52.410 回答
0

要正确验证访问者是否来自搜索引擎，您需要的不仅仅是检查容易被欺骗的 User-Agent。

正确的方法是查找 IP 的主机名并快速检查它是否与我们知道搜索引擎爬虫使用的任何主机名匹配。

如果主机名与已知爬虫之一匹配，那么您查找主机名的 IP 并查看两者是否匹配。如果其中一个步骤失败，则您有一个虚假的搜索引擎爬虫正在访问。

以下函数接受 IP 并遵循前面提到的步骤。它识别百度、必应、谷歌、雅虎和 Yandex。

 /**
 * Validate a crawlers IP against the hostname 
 * Warning - str_ends_with() requires PHP 8
 *
 * @param   mixed   $ip 
 * @return  boolean
 */
function validate_crawler_ip( $testip ) {
   $hostname = strtolower( gethostbyaddr( $testip ) );
   $valid_host_names = array(
      '.crawl.baidu.com',
      '.crawl.baidu.jp',
      '.google.com',
      '.googlebot.com',
      '.crawl.yahoo.net',
      '.yandex.ru',
      '.yandex.net',
      '.yandex.com',
      '.search.msn.com',
   );
   $valid_ip = false;
   foreach ( $valid_host_names as $valid_host ) {
     // Using string_ends_with() to make sure the match is in the -end- of the hostname (to prevent fake matches)
     if ( str_ends_with( $hostname, $valid_host ) ) { // PHP 8 function
      $returned_ip = gethostbyname( $hostname );        
      if ( $returned_ip === $testip ) {
        // The looked up IP from the host matches the incoming IP - we have validated!
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  // No match - not valid crawler
  return false;
}
于 2021-08-31T02:36:52.643 回答