我正在开发一个应用程序，该应用程序最终将成为驱动 WPF 应用程序的 UI 测试的 api。
在我们正在进行的初始测试的某一时刻，我们得到了 2 个 Windows 安全弹出窗口。我们有一些循环 10 次的代码，它使用 FindWindowByCaption 方法获取其中一个弹出窗口的句柄并输入信息并单击确定。
10 次中有 9 次可以正常工作，但是我们偶尔会看到看起来像是比赛条件的情况。我的怀疑是当只有一个窗口打开时循环开始，当它输入信息时，第二个窗口打开并窃取焦点；在此之后它只是无限期地挂起。
我想知道是否有任何方法可以获取给定标题的所有窗口句柄，以便我们可以等到有 2 个窗口句柄后再开始循环。
使用EnumWindows并枚举所有窗口，GetWindowText用于获取每个窗口的文本，然后根据需要对其进行过滤。
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, StringBuilder strText, int maxCount);
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private static extern int GetWindowTextLength(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern bool EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc enumProc, IntPtr lParam);
// Delegate to filter which windows to include
public delegate bool EnumWindowsProc(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr lParam);
/// <summary> Get the text for the window pointed to by hWnd </summary>
public static string GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd)
{
int size = GetWindowTextLength(hWnd);
if (size > 0)
{
var builder = new StringBuilder(size + 1);
GetWindowText(hWnd, builder, builder.Capacity);
return builder.ToString();
}
return String.Empty;
}
/// <summary> Find all windows that match the given filter </summary>
/// <param name="filter"> A delegate that returns true for windows
/// that should be returned and false for windows that should
/// not be returned </param>
public static IEnumerable<IntPtr> FindWindows(EnumWindowsProc filter)
{
IntPtr found = IntPtr.Zero;
List<IntPtr> windows = new List<IntPtr>();
EnumWindows(delegate(IntPtr wnd, IntPtr param)
{
if (filter(wnd, param))
{
// only add the windows that pass the filter
windows.Add(wnd);
}
// but return true here so that we iterate all windows
return true;
}, IntPtr.Zero);
return windows;
}
/// <summary> Find all windows that contain the given title text </summary>
/// <param name="titleText"> The text that the window title must contain. </param>
public static IEnumerable<IntPtr> FindWindowsWithText(string titleText)
{
return FindWindows(delegate(IntPtr wnd, IntPtr param)
{
return GetWindowText(wnd).Contains(titleText);
});
}
例如，要获取标题中带有“记事本”的所有窗口：
var windows = FindWindowsWithText("Notepad");
事实证明，这个答案很受欢迎，以至于我创建了一个 OSS 项目Win32Interop.WinHandles来为 Win32 窗口提供对 IntPtrs 的抽象。使用该库，获取标题中包含“记事本”的所有窗口：
var allNotepadWindows
= TopLevelWindowUtils.FindWindows(wh => wh.GetWindowText().Contains("Notepad"));
我知道这是一个老问题，但随着 Visual Studio 走向未来，答案会随着时间而改变。
我想分享我的解决方案，它允许您搜索部分窗口标题，当标题标题包含不可预测的文本时，这通常是需要的。例如，如果您想查找 Windows Mail 应用程序的句柄，标题将包含文本“收件箱 - yourremailaccountname”。显然，您不想对帐户名称进行硬编码。这是我的代码，虽然它在 Visual Basic .NET 中，但您可以将其转换为 C#。输入部分标题（即“收件箱-”），单击按钮，您将得到 hwnd 和完整标题。我尝试使用 Process.GetProcesses() 但与 Win API 相比它的速度很慢。
此示例将在 EnumWindows 调用的 lparm 中返回您搜索的窗口句柄（第二个参数由 ref 传递），即使应用程序已最小化，也会将其置于最前面。
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Text
Public Class Form1
<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True, CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)> Private Shared Function EnumWindows(ByVal lpEnumFunc As EnumWindowsProcDelegate, ByRef lParam As IntPtr) As Boolean
End Function
Private Delegate Function EnumWindowsProcDelegate(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByRef lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
<DllImport("user32.dll")>
Private Shared Function GetWindowTextLength(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("user32.dll")>
Private Shared Function GetWindowText(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal lpString As StringBuilder, ByVal nMaxCount As Integer) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("user32", EntryPoint:="SendMessageA", CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)> Public Shared Function SendMessage(ByVal hwnd As Integer, ByVal wMsg As Integer, ByVal wParam As Integer, ByRef lParam As Integer) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("user32.dll")>
Private Shared Function SetForegroundWindow(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean
End Function
<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)>
Private Shared Function SetActiveWindow(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)>
Private Shared Function SetWindowPos(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, hWndInsertAfter As IntPtr, x As Integer, y As Integer, cx As Integer, cy As Integer, uFlags As UInt32) As Boolean
End Function
<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)>
Private Shared Function RedrawWindow(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, lprcUpdate As Integer, hrgnUpdate As Integer, uFlags As UInt32) As Boolean
End Function
Public Const WM_SYSCOMMAND As Integer = &H112
Public Const SC_RESTORE = &HF120
Public Const SWP_SHOWWINDOW As Integer = &H40
Public Const SWP_NOSIZE As Integer = &H1
Public Const SWP_NOMOVE As Integer = &H2
Public Const RDW_FRAME As Int32 = 1024 'Updates the nonclient area if included in the redraw area. RDW_INVALIDATE must also be specified.
Public Const RDW_INVALIDATE As Int32 = 1 'Invalidates the redraw area.
Public Const RDW_ALLCHILDREN As Int32 = 128 'Redraw operation includes child windows if present in the redraw area.
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim strPartialTitle As String = TextBox1.Text
Dim intptrByRefFoundHwnd As IntPtr = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(strPartialTitle)
Dim delegateEnumWindowsProcDelegate As EnumWindowsProcDelegate
delegateEnumWindowsProcDelegate = New EnumWindowsProcDelegate(AddressOf EnumWindowsProc)
EnumWindows(delegateEnumWindowsProcDelegate, intptrByRefFoundHwnd)
LabelHwndAndWindowTitle.Text = intptrByRefFoundHwnd
BringWindowToFront(intptrByRefFoundHwnd)
End Sub
Function EnumWindowsProc(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByRef lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
Dim strPartialTitle As String = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(lParam)
Dim length As Integer = GetWindowTextLength(hWnd)
Dim stringBuilder As New StringBuilder(length)
GetWindowText(hWnd, stringBuilder, (length + 1))
If stringBuilder.ToString.Trim.Length > 2 Then
If stringBuilder.ToString.ToLower.Contains(strPartialTitle.ToLower) Then
Debug.WriteLine(hWnd.ToString & ": " & stringBuilder.ToString)
lParam = hWnd ' Pop hwnd to top, returns in lParm of EnumWindows Call (2nd parameter)
Return False
End If
End If
Return True
End Function
Private Sub BringWindowToFront(hwnd As IntPtr)
SendMessage(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_RESTORE, 0) ' restore the minimize window
SetForegroundWindow(hwnd)
SetActiveWindow(hwnd)
SetWindowPos(hwnd, IntPtr.Zero, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_SHOWWINDOW Or SWP_NOMOVE Or SWP_NOSIZE)
'redraw to prevent the window blank.
RedrawWindow(hwnd, IntPtr.Zero, 0, RDW_FRAME Or RDW_INVALIDATE Or RDW_ALLCHILDREN)
End Sub
End Class
using HWND = IntPtr;
/// <summary>Contains functionality to get all the open windows.</summary>
public static class OpenWindowGetter
{
/// <summary>Returns a dictionary that contains the handle and title of all the open windows.</summary>
/// <returns>A dictionary that contains the handle and title of all the open windows.</returns>
public static IDictionary<HWND, string> GetOpenWindows()
{
HWND shellWindow = GetShellWindow();
Dictionary<HWND, string> windows = new Dictionary<HWND, string>();
EnumWindows(delegate(HWND hWnd, int lParam)
{
if (hWnd == shellWindow) return true;
if (!IsWindowVisible(hWnd)) return true;
int length = GetWindowTextLength(hWnd);
if (length == 0) return true;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);
GetWindowText(hWnd, builder, length + 1);
windows[hWnd] = builder.ToString();
return true;
}, 0);
return windows;
}
private delegate bool EnumWindowsProc(HWND hWnd, int lParam);
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
private static extern bool EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc enumFunc, int lParam);
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
private static extern int GetWindowText(HWND hWnd, StringBuilder lpString, int nMaxCount);
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
private static extern int GetWindowTextLength(HWND hWnd);
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
private static extern bool IsWindowVisible(HWND hWnd);
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
private static extern IntPtr GetShellWindow();
}
这是一些使用它的代码：
foreach(KeyValuePair<IntPtr, string> window in OpenWindowGetter.GetOpenWindows())
{
IntPtr handle = window.Key;
string title = window.Value;
Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", handle, title);
}
我从http://www.tcx.be/blog/2006/list-open-windows/得到这段代码
如果您需要有关如何使用它的帮助，请告诉我，我想通了