python - Ubuntu - Python - Apache2 - Mod_WSGI - Django：没有名为 / TypeError / TemplateSyntaxError / 'str' 对象的模块不可调用

Question

编辑：我可能包含了太多信息，但我注意到在 urls.py 中，如果我将名称更改为不存在的项目或应用程序，我会收到 No module named 错误，但如果将其更改为现有的一个我得到了'str' object is not callable错误。这可能是我的主要问题，也是我第二次猜测我的 url 设置的原因。我愿意接受问题编辑/建议。

所以我一直在开发动态 PHP 网站，但我开始使用 python，我喜欢它的工作方式。我得到了 mod_wsgi 并想出了如何提供页面，但后来意识到没有网络框架，我不能只从帖子中获取 $_REQUEST['data']。所以我试图让 Django 工作，但我似乎无法降低意见。它一直说没有模块名称 truprecision_us，但该文件夹存在 __init__.py。

在 httpd.conf 我有 WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/lib/cgi-bin/root.py

root.py 是：

import os
import sys

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

path = '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/'
if path not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(path)

注意我的项目目录中确实有 sys.path.append

__init__.py 为空

manage.py 是库存

#!/usr/bin/env python
from django.core.management import execute_manager
import imp
try:
    imp.find_module('settings') # Assumed to be in the same directory.
except ImportError:
    import sys
    sys.stderr.write("Error: Can't find the file 'settings.py' in the directory containing %r. It appears you've customized things.\nYou'll have to run django-admin.py, passing it your settings module.\n" % __file__)
    sys.exit(1)

import settings

if __name__ == "__main__":
    execute_manager(settings)

settings.py 是大多数库存，除了我在 INSTALLED_APPS 中添加了两行用于我认为我遇到问题的视图。我曾尝试在 IRC 频道上询问并在谷歌上搜索答案，但无济于事。

# Django settings for truprecision_us project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    # ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': '',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': '',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': '',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

# Hosts/domain names that are valid for this site; required if DEBUG is False
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ docs_version }}/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# URL prefix for admin static files -- CSS, JavaScript and images.
# Make sure to use a trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'q=_je0#v-bwu$bni!pc#^^jdgh9g212e)+^n6$4c2f(8s1k2cw'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'views',
    'polls'
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

你会注意到我添加了“视图”和“民意调查”。现在我不知道哪个是真正正确的方法，因为两者似乎都不起作用。现在的方式我得到了这个：

ViewDoesNotExist at /

Could not import truprecision_us. Error was: No module named truprecision_us

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    https://truprecision.us/
Django Version:     1.3.1
Exception Type:     ViewDoesNotExist
Exception Value:    

Could not import truprecision_us. Error was: No module named truprecision_us

Exception Location:     /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py in _get_callback, line 167
Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
Python Version:     2.7.3
Python Path:    

['/pythonProjects/jobManager',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/truprecision_us-2.0-py2.7.egg',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
 '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol',
 '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/']

如果我将它更改为“trupecision_us.views”，我会收到一个内部服务器错误，它没有捕获并将调试显示给浏览器，它说： TemplateSyntaxError: Caught ImportError while rendering: No module named truprecision_us.views

我的 urls.py 看起来像这样：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views', name='index'),
    # url(r'^truprecision_us/', include('truprecision_us.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

我的views.py 看起来像这样：

from django.http import HttpResponse


def results(request):
    test = 1
    return test

我什至将带有easy_install 的.egg-links 添加到我的/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages 中，但无济于事。我不知道为什么这个模块不存在。现在，如果我将 settings.py INSTALLED_APPS 更改为：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'views'
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

和我的 urls.py 到：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us', name='index'),
    # url(r'^truprecision_us/', include('truprecision_us.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

我明白了：

TypeError at /

'str' object is not callable

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    https://truprecision.us/
Django Version:     1.3.1
Exception Type:     TypeError
Exception Value:    

'str' object is not callable

Exception Location:     /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py in get_response, line 111
Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
Python Version:     2.7.3
Python Path:    

['/pythonProjects/jobManager',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/truprecision_us-2.0-py2.7.egg',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
 '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer',
 '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol',
 '/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/']

Server time:    Thu, 7 Nov 2013 15:13:19 -0500

Traceback:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  111.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

Exception Type: TypeError at /
Exception Value: 'str' object is not callable

score 0 · Accepted Answer

问题在于您的项目结构，以及您如何在文件中定义您的INSTALLED_APPS视图和视图urls.py。两种不同的项目结构可以是：

/path/to/PROJECT/manage.py
/path/to/PROJECT/urls.py
/path/to/PROJECT/APP/views.py

url(r'^$', 'APP.views.index', name='index'), # when index is a function in APP.views

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'APP',
)

或者

/path/to/PROJECT/manage.py
/path/to/PROJECT/urls.py
/path/to/PROJECT/PROJECT/APP/views.py

url(r'^$', 'PROJECT.APP.views.index', name='index'), # when index is a function in APP.views
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'PROJECT.APP',
)

因此，根据您的文件夹结构，您应该使用格式正确的 dotted.path 命名已安装的应用程序和 url。请注意，“距离”manage.py决定了在您INSTALLED_APPS和您的urls.py.

编辑：

因此，您的结构如下所示：

/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/manage.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/urls.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/settings.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/polls/views.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/polls/models.py

您的项目名称是truprecision_us. 这不是应用程序的名称！将 aviews.py放在您的项目目录中并不意味着它成为一个应用程序。你想做的是：

python manage.py startapp truprecision_us

这应该创建以下文件夹和文件：

/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/truprecision_us/views.py
/path/to/pythonProjects/truprecision_us/truprecision_us/models.py

现在，您安装的应用程序应该是：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'truprecision_us',
    'polls'
)

你的网址应该是：

urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views.index', name='main_index'),
     url(r'^polls/$', 'polls.views.index', name='poll_index'),    
)

index上面的 url 假设您在两个views.py文件中都调用了一个函数：

truprcecision_us/views.py：

def index(request):
    # do something
    return render_to('truprecision/index.html', {'context_key':'value'})

民意调查/views.py：

def index(request):
    # do something
    return render_to('truprecision/index.html', {'context_key':'value'})

您可以通过首先运行开发服务器来测试您是否正确设置了 django：

python manage.py runserver

score 0 · Accepted Answer

你有没有尝试过类似的东西

from truprecision_us import views

在 urls.py 中？然后尝试

url(r'^$', 'truprecision_us.views.results', name='results')

python - Ubuntu - Python - Apache2 - Mod_WSGI - Django：没有名为 / TypeError / TemplateSyntaxError / 'str' 对象的模块不可调用

2 回答 2

Related

Reference