就我而言，我有物理串口、USB 串口和 com0com 虚拟串口。我需要全名和 COM 端口地址。
此答案中建议的查询未找到 com0com 端口。此答案中建议的查询需要管理员权限。
SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity找到所有设备。它返回这样的物理设备，并且可以从以下位置解析地址Caption：
Serial Port for Barcode Scanner (COM13)
但是，对于 com0com 端口Caption是这样的（无地址）：
com0com - serial port emulator
SELECT * FROM Win32_SerialPort返回地址 ( DeviceID) 以及全名 ( Name)。但是，它只找到物理串口和com0com 端口，而不是USB 串口。
所以最后，我需要两个 WMI 调用：SELECT * FROM Win32_SerialPort(address is DeviceID) 和SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE Name LIKE '%(COM%'(address can be parsed from Caption)。我已经缩小了Win32_PnPEntity调用范围，因为它只需要查找在第一次调用中没有找到的设备。
此 C++ 代码可用于查找所有串行端口：
// Return list of serial ports as (number, name)
std::map<int, std::wstring> enumerateSerialPorts()
{
std::map<int, std::wstring> result;
HRESULT hres;
hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres) || hres == RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE) {
hres = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1, // COM authentication
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities
NULL // Reserved
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres) || hres == RPC_E_TOO_LATE) {
IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;
hres = CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_WbemLocator,
0,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
// Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace with
// the current user and obtain pointer pSvc
// to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(
bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"), // Object path of WMI namespace
NULL, // User name. NULL = current user
NULL, // User password. NULL = current
0, // Locale. NULL indicates current
NULL, // Security flags.
0, // Authority (for example, Kerberos)
0, // Context object
&pSvc // pointer to IWbemServices proxy
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
// Use Win32_PnPEntity to find actual serial ports and USB-SerialPort devices
// This is done first, because it also finds some com0com devices, but names are worse
IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;
hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(
bstr_t(L"WQL"),
bstr_t(L"SELECT Name FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE Name LIKE '%(COM%'"),
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
NULL,
&pEnumerator);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
constexpr size_t max_ports = 30;
IWbemClassObject *pclsObj[max_ports] = {};
ULONG uReturn = 0;
do {
hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, max_ports, pclsObj, &uReturn);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
for (ULONG jj = 0; jj < uReturn; jj++) {
VARIANT vtProp;
pclsObj[jj]->Get(L"Name", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);
// Name should be for example "Serial Port for Barcode Scanner (COM13)"
const std::wstring deviceName = vtProp.bstrVal;
const std::wstring prefix = L"(COM";
size_t ind = deviceName.find(prefix);
if (ind != std::wstring::npos) {
std::wstring nbr;
for (size_t i = ind + prefix.length();
i < deviceName.length() && isdigit(deviceName[i]); i++)
{
nbr += deviceName[i];
}
try {
const int portNumber = boost::lexical_cast<int>(nbr);
result[portNumber] = deviceName;
}
catch (...) {}
}
VariantClear(&vtProp);
pclsObj[jj]->Release();
}
}
} while (hres == WBEM_S_NO_ERROR);
pEnumerator->Release();
}
// Use Win32_SerialPort to find physical ports and com0com virtual ports
// This is more reliable, because address doesn't have to be parsed from the name
pEnumerator = NULL;
hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(
bstr_t(L"WQL"),
bstr_t(L"SELECT DeviceID, Name FROM Win32_SerialPort"),
WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
NULL,
&pEnumerator);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
constexpr size_t max_ports = 30;
IWbemClassObject *pclsObj[max_ports] = {};
ULONG uReturn = 0;
do {
hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, max_ports, pclsObj, &uReturn);
if (SUCCEEDED(hres)) {
for (ULONG jj = 0; jj < uReturn; jj++) {
VARIANT vtProp1, vtProp2;
pclsObj[jj]->Get(L"DeviceID", 0, &vtProp1, 0, 0);
pclsObj[jj]->Get(L"Name", 0, &vtProp2, 0, 0);
const std::wstring deviceID = vtProp1.bstrVal;
if (deviceID.substr(0, 3) == L"COM") {
const int portNumber = boost::lexical_cast<int>(deviceID.substr(3));
const std::wstring deviceName = vtProp2.bstrVal;
result[portNumber] = deviceName;
}
VariantClear(&vtProp1);
VariantClear(&vtProp2);
pclsObj[jj]->Release();
}
}
} while (hres == WBEM_S_NO_ERROR);
pEnumerator->Release();
}
}
pSvc->Release();
}
pLoc->Release();
}
}
CoUninitialize();
}
if (FAILED(hres)) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Enumerating serial ports failed. Error code: " << int(hres);
throw std::runtime_error(ss.str());
}
return result;
}