就在这里。这就是它的工作原理。
创建字体
为了避免使用大字体来支持一些特殊字符,您可以使用Icomoon App等工具创建自己的字体。
Icomoon 应用程序允许您执行以下各项操作:
- 从几种流行的图标字体中获取一个或多个图标
- 上传其他字体,可以是图标字体,也可以是常规字体
- 上传 SVG 文件以用作图标
- 从任意数量的可用字体中组合任意数量的图标
- 为您需要的任何字符设置 UNICODE 十六进制值
- 导出和/或保存您创建的字体集
我使用 Icomoon 应用程序来创建Emoji 表情字体以及在每个项目的基础上创建自定义图标字体。
使用字体
要在 CSS 中包含图标字体,您可以包含以下代码:
@font-face {
font-family: 'myfont';
src:url('fonts/myfont.eot?-td2xif');
src:url('fonts/myfont.eot?#iefix-td2xif') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('fonts/myfont.woff?-td2xif') format('woff'),
url('fonts/myfont.ttf?-td2xif') format('truetype'),
url('fonts/myfont.svg?-td2xif#myfont') format('svg');
// Different URLs are required for optimal browser support
// Make sure to :
// 1) replace the URLs with your font's URLs
// 2) replace `#myfont` with the name of your font
font-weight: normal; // To avoid the font inherits boldness
font-style: normal; // To avoid font inherits obliqueness or italic
}
.icon {
font-family: 'myfont', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; // Use regular fonts as fallback
speak: none; // To avoid screen readers trying to read the content
font-style: normal; // To avoid font inherits obliqueness or italic
font-weight: normal; // To avoid the font inherits boldness
font-variant: normal; // To avoid the font inherits small-caps
text-transform: none; // To avoid the font inherits capitalization/uppercase/lowercase
line-height: 1; // To avoid the font inherits an undesired line-height
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; // For improved readability on Webkit
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; // For improved readability on OSX + Mozilla
}
要在 HTML 中使用图标,您可以执行以下操作:
<!-- Method 1 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family for an entire HTML element -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family after your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that regular characters are default. Icons are a fallback -->
<!-- Use UTF-8 characters directly in your HTML for improved human readability -->
<div class="rate"><p>I rate this movie ★★★★☆!!</p></div>
<!-- Method 2 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family for an entire HTML element -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family after your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that regular characters are default. Icons are a fallback -->
<!-- Use entity codes in your HTML when UTF-8 support is uncertain -->
<div class="rate"><p>I rate this movie ★★★★☆!!</p></div>
<!-- Method 3 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family only for the icons but not the HTML elements that include them -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family before your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that icons are default. Regular characters are a fallback -->
<!-- Use UTF-8 characters directly in your HTML for improved human readability -->
<p>I rate this movie <span class="icon">★★★★☆</span>!!</p>
<!-- Method 4 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family only for the icons but not the HTML elements that include them -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family before your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that icons are default. Regular characters are a fallback -->
<!-- Use entity codes in your HTML when UTF-8 support is uncertain -->
<p>I rate this movie <span class="icon">★★★★☆</span>!!</p>
<!-- Method 5 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family only for the icons and use a separate HTML tag for each icon -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family before your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that icons are default. Regular characters are a fallback -->
<!-- Use UTF-8 characters directly in your HTML for improved human readability -->
<p>I rate this movie
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">☆</span>
!!
</p>
<!-- Method 6 -->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family only for the icons and use a separate HTML tag for each icon -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family before your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that icons are default. Regular characters are a fallback -->
<!-- Use entity codes in your HTML when UTF-8 support is uncertain -->
<p>I rate this movie
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">★</span>
<span class="icon">☆</span>
!!
</p>
<!-- Method 7-->
<!--- * * * * * * * * * * * * -->
<!-- Set a font-family only for the icons and use a separate HTML tag for each icon -->
<!-- Define your icon fonts in your CSS font-family before your regular fonts -->
<!-- This means that icons are default. Regular characters are a fallback -->
<!-- Use the 'content' style rule with a ':before selector' in your CSS -->
<p>I rate this movie
<span class="icon icon-star"></span>
<span class="icon icon-star"></span>
<span class="icon icon-star"></span>
<span class="icon icon-star"></span>
<span class="icon icon-star-unfilled"></span>
!!
</p>
如果您想选择方法 7,则需要一些额外的 CSS 代码。这个 CSS 代码看起来像这样:
.icon-star:before {
content: "\2605";
}
.icon-star-unfilled:before {
content: "\2606";
}
Iconic、Font Awesome或Glyphicons等图标字体通常都使用方法 7。这是为了避免您必须从备忘单中复制粘贴特殊字符或被迫使用 HTML 实体。
然而,这种方法有几个缺点。首先,它需要支持:before
CSS 选择器并为 UNICODE 字符使用转义序列。IE6-7 和某些版本的 Webkit都不提供这种支持。
另一个缺点是您必须为每个图标使用单独的 HTML 标记,每个标记对应于图标字体中的一个字符。与其他方法不同,方法 7 无法在 HTML 标记中显示多个图标。
不过,其他方法也有其自身的缺点。方法 1、3 和 5 要求您从备忘单中复制粘贴字符或使用方法将字符本身放入您的代码中。您的代码编辑器可能无法显示该字符,或者如果图标字体使用该字符的非标准映射,它可能会显示与图标字体中的字符不同的字符。
方法 1、3 和 5 还要求您的浏览器使用正确的编码来显示正确的字符。对于 UNICODE 字符,这不像 ASCII 字符那样明显。但是,这应该通过在HTML 文档的<meta charset="utf-8" />
某处添加元标记来确保。head
方法 2、4 和 6 不需要您复制粘贴字符,但是它会降低您的代码对人类的可读性,并使对代码的任何更改更容易出现人为错误。此外,您需要查找要使用的每个图标的 HTML 实体代码,或者您需要记住它们。虽然这显然也适用于方法 7 中使用的类,但这些类比 HTML 实体代码更容易记住。