我正在尝试在我的 C# 代码中为 tictactoe 实现 minimax。出于某种原因，当深度 = 1 时，我对其进行调试以检查从不同路径返回的所有值；我看到像 -1000、-5000、-1000 等疯狂的值！这怎么可能？怎么了？这是我的完整代码，
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Minimax_TicTacToe
{
public partial class Main : Form
{
//Definition constants
private const int EMPTY = 0;
private const int PLAYER = 1;
private const int COMPUTER = 2;
private const int PLAYER_WON = 0;
private const int COMPUTER_WON = 1;
private const int DRAW = 2;
private const int GAME = 3;
private const int OVER = 4;
//Internals
private int turns = 0;
private int turn = PLAYER;
private String player_mark = "X";
private String computer_mark = "O";
//Grid
private byte[] grid = {
0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0
};
public Main()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Main_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
/*
private int Minimax(byte[] ngrid, int depth = 0, int score = 0)
{
if (depth == 0)
{
return Minimax(new byte[] { grid[0], grid[1], grid[2],
grid[3], grid[4], grid[5],
grid[6], grid[7], grid[8] },
depth + 1);
}
else
{
int status = GameStatus(ngrid);
if (status == PLAYER_WON) return -1;
else if (status == COMPUTER_WON) return 1;
else if (status == DRAW) return 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < grid.Length; i++)
{
if (ngrid[i] == 0)
{
byte[] board = new byte[] {
ngrid[0], ngrid[1], ngrid[2],
ngrid[3], ngrid[4], ngrid[5],
ngrid[6], ngrid[7], ngrid[8]
};
board[i] = (depth % 2 == 0) ? (byte)PLAYER : (byte)COMPUTER;
score = Minimax(board, depth + 1);
if (score == 1 && depth == 1) return i;
if (score == 1) return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
}*/
private int Minimax(byte[] ngrid, int depth = 0)
{
if (depth == 0)
{
return Minimax(new byte[] { grid[0], grid[1], grid[2],
grid[3], grid[4], grid[5],
grid[6], grid[7], grid[8] },
depth + 1);
}
else
{
int status = GameStatus(ngrid);
if (status == PLAYER_WON) return -1;
else if (status == COMPUTER_WON) return 1;
else if (status == DRAW) return 0;
int i;
int score = 0;
List<Carrier> carry = new List<Carrier>();
for (i = 0; i < grid.Length; i++)
{
if (ngrid[i] == 0)
{
byte[] board = new byte[] {
ngrid[0], ngrid[1], ngrid[2],
ngrid[3], ngrid[4], ngrid[5],
ngrid[6], ngrid[7], ngrid[8]
};
board[i] = (depth % 2 == 0) ? (byte)PLAYER : (byte)COMPUTER;
score += Minimax(board, depth + 1);
if (depth == 1)
{
Carrier c = new Carrier();
c.offset = i;
c.score = score;
carry.Add(c);
}
}
}
if (depth == 1)
{
MessageBox.Show("");
}
return score;
}
}
private void ComputersTurn()
{
turn = COMPUTER;
turns++;
int status = GameStatus(grid);
switch (status)
{
case GAME:
int offset = Minimax(grid);
grid[offset] = COMPUTER;
turn = PLAYER;
UpdateBoard();
break;
}
switch (GameStatus(grid))
{
case PLAYER_WON:
turn = COMPUTER;
MessageBox.Show("You win!");
break;
case COMPUTER_WON:
turn = COMPUTER;
MessageBox.Show("You lost!");
break;
case DRAW:
turn = COMPUTER;
MessageBox.Show("DRAW!");
break;
}
}
private void UpdateBoard()
{
int n = 0;
grid0.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ( (grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark) ) : "";
n++;
grid1.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid2.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid3.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid4.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid5.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid6.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid7.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
grid8.Text = (grid[n] != 0) ? ((grid[n] == PLAYER ? player_mark : computer_mark)) : "";
n++;
}
private int GameStatus(byte[] pgrid)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if (pgrid[i * 3] == pgrid[i * 3 + 1] && pgrid[i * 3] == pgrid[i * 3 + 2] && pgrid[i * 3] != 0)
return SelectWinner(pgrid[i * 3]);
if (pgrid[i] == pgrid[i + 3] && pgrid[i] == pgrid[i + 6] && pgrid[i] != 0)
return SelectWinner(pgrid[i]);
}
if (pgrid[0] == pgrid[4] && pgrid[0] == pgrid[8] && pgrid[0] != 0)
return SelectWinner(pgrid[0]);
if (pgrid[2] == pgrid[4] && pgrid[2] == pgrid[6] && pgrid[2] != 0)
return SelectWinner(pgrid[2]);
if (turns == 4)
return DRAW;
return GAME;
}
private int SelectWinner(byte item)
{
if (item == PLAYER)
return PLAYER_WON;
else if (item == COMPUTER)
return COMPUTER_WON;
throw new Exception("SELECTION ERROR");
}
private void grid0_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[0] = PLAYER;
grid0.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[1] = PLAYER;
grid1.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[2] = PLAYER;
grid2.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[3] = PLAYER;
grid3.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[4] = PLAYER;
grid4.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[5] = PLAYER;
grid5.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[6] = PLAYER;
grid6.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[7] = PLAYER;
grid7.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
private void grid8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (turn == COMPUTER)
return;
grid[8] = PLAYER;
grid8.Text = player_mark;
ComputersTurn();
}
}
class Carrier
{
public int score;
public int offset;
}
}