我查看了 Rails Guides 和 Rails API,但我无法理解 reversible 和 revert 的用法。
例如,请参阅此处链接的示例http://guides.rubyonrails.org/migrations.html#using-reversible并包含在下面:\
它说
Complex migrations may require processing that Active Record doesn't know how to reverse. You can use reversible to specify what to do when running a migration what else to do when reverting it. For example,
class ExampleMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :products do |t|
t.references :category
end
reversible do |dir|
dir.up do
#add a foreign key
execute <<-SQL
ALTER TABLE products
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_products_categories
FOREIGN KEY (category_id)
REFERENCES categories(id)
SQL
end
dir.down do
execute <<-SQL
ALTER TABLE products
DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_products_categories
SQL
end
end
add_column :users, :home_page_url, :string
rename_column :users, :email, :email_address
end
我知道 down 部分中的代码将在回滚时运行,但为什么要在 up 块中包含代码?我还看到了另一个例子,它有一个可逆部分,只有一个向上块。这样的代码的目的是什么?
最后,我不明白revert
。下面是 Rails 指南中包含的示例,但对我来说没有什么意义。
`The revert method also accepts a block of instructions to reverse. This could be useful to revert selected parts of previous migrations. For example, let's imagine that ExampleMigration is committed and it is later decided it would be best to serialize the product list instead. One could write:
class SerializeProductListMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_column :categories, :product_list
reversible do |dir|
dir.up do
# transfer data from Products to Category#product_list
end
dir.down do
# create Products from Category#product_list
end
end
revert do
# copy-pasted code from ExampleMigration
create_table :products do |t|
t.references :category
end
reversible do |dir|
dir.up do
#add a foreign key
execute <<-SQL
ALTER TABLE products
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_products_categories
FOREIGN KEY (category_id)
REFERENCES categories(id)
SQL
end
dir.down do
execute <<-SQL
ALTER TABLE products
DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_products_categories
SQL
end
end
# The rest of the migration was ok
end
end
end`