为了唯一识别每个设备,我想使用 IMEI(或 CDMA 设备的 ESN 号)。如何以编程方式访问它?
22 回答
你想打电话android.telephony.TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()
。
这将返回唯一标识设备的任何字符串(GSM 上的 IMEI,CDMA 上的 MEID)。
您需要以下权限AndroidManifest.xml
:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
为此。
话虽这么说,这样做要小心。用户不仅会想知道您的应用程序为什么要访问他们的电话堆栈,而且如果用户获得了新设备,可能很难迁移数据。
更新:正如下面评论中提到的,这不是验证用户的安全方式,并且会引起隐私问题。不推荐。相反,如果您想实现无摩擦登录系统,请查看Google+ 登录 API 。
如果您只想在用户重置手机(或购买新设备)时使用一种轻量级的方式来持久保存字符串包,也可以使用Android备份 API 。
除了 Trevor Johns 的回答之外,您还可以按如下方式使用它:
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
您应该将以下权限添加到您的 Manifest.xml 文件中:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
在模拟器中,您可能会得到一个类似“00000 ...”的值。如果设备 ID 不可用,getDeviceId() 将返回 NULL。
当设备没有电话功能时,我使用以下代码获取 IMEI 或使用 Secure.ANDROID_ID 作为替代:
/**
* Returns the unique identifier for the device
*
* @return unique identifier for the device
*/
public String getDeviceIMEI() {
String deviceUniqueIdentifier = null;
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) this.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (null != tm) {
deviceUniqueIdentifier = tm.getDeviceId();
}
if (null == deviceUniqueIdentifier || 0 == deviceUniqueIdentifier.length()) {
deviceUniqueIdentifier = Settings.Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
}
return deviceUniqueIdentifier;
}
或者,您可以使用 Android.Provider.Settings.System 中的 ANDROID_ID 设置(如此处strazerre.com所述)。
这样做的好处是它不需要特殊权限,但如果另一个应用程序具有写访问权限并对其进行更改,则可以更改(这显然不寻常但并非不可能)。
仅供参考,这里是博客中的代码:
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.provider.Settings.System;
String androidID = System.getString(this.getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);
实施说明:如果 ID 对系统架构至关重要,您需要注意,在实践中发现一些非常低端的 Android 手机和平板电脑重复使用相同的 ANDROID_ID(9774d56d682e549c 是我们日志中显示的值)
来自: http: //mytechead.wordpress.com/2011/08/28/how-to-get-imei-number-of-android-device/:
以下代码有助于获取 android 设备的 IMEI 编号:
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String device_id = tm.getDeviceId();
Android Manifest 所需的权限:
android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
注意:如果平板电脑或设备不能充当手机 IMEI 将为空。
获取IMEI(国际移动设备标识符)
public String getIMEI(Activity activity) {
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) activity
.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
return telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}
获取设备唯一 ID
public String getDeviceUniqueID(Activity activity){
String device_unique_id = Secure.getString(activity.getContentResolver(),
Secure.ANDROID_ID);
return device_unique_id;
}
对于 Android 6.0+,游戏已经改变,所以我建议你使用它;
最好的方法是在运行时,否则你会得到权限错误。
/**
* A loading screen after AppIntroActivity.
*/
public class LoadingActivity extends BaseActivity {
private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE = 0;
private TextView loading_tv2;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_loading);
//trigger 'loadIMEI'
loadIMEI();
/** Fading Transition Effect */
overridePendingTransition(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
}
/**
* Called when the 'loadIMEI' function is triggered.
*/
public void loadIMEI() {
// Check if the READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already available.
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// READ_PHONE_STATE permission has not been granted.
requestReadPhoneStatePermission();
} else {
// READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already been granted.
doPermissionGrantedStuffs();
}
}
/**
* Requests the READ_PHONE_STATE permission.
* If the permission has been denied previously, a dialog will prompt the user to grant the
* permission, otherwise it is requested directly.
*/
private void requestReadPhoneStatePermission() {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
// Provide an additional rationale to the user if the permission was not granted
// and the user would benefit from additional context for the use of the permission.
// For example if the user has previously denied the permission.
new AlertDialog.Builder(LoadingActivity.this)
.setTitle("Permission Request")
.setMessage(getString(R.string.permission_read_phone_state_rationale))
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
//re-request
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(LoadingActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
})
.setIcon(R.drawable.onlinlinew_warning_sign)
.show();
} else {
// READ_PHONE_STATE permission has not been granted yet. Request it directly.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
}
/**
* Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE) {
// Received permission result for READ_PHONE_STATE permission.est.");
// Check if the only required permission has been granted
if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// READ_PHONE_STATE permission has been granted, proceed with displaying IMEI Number
//alertAlert(getString(R.string.permision_available_read_phone_state));
doPermissionGrantedStuffs();
} else {
alertAlert(getString(R.string.permissions_not_granted_read_phone_state));
}
}
}
private void alertAlert(String msg) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(LoadingActivity.this)
.setTitle("Permission Request")
.setMessage(msg)
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// do somthing here
}
})
.setIcon(R.drawable.onlinlinew_warning_sign)
.show();
}
public void doPermissionGrantedStuffs() {
//Have an object of TelephonyManager
TelephonyManager tm =(TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
//Get IMEI Number of Phone //////////////// for this example i only need the IMEI
String IMEINumber=tm.getDeviceId();
/************************************************
* **********************************************
* This is just an icing on the cake
* the following are other children of TELEPHONY_SERVICE
*
//Get Subscriber ID
String subscriberID=tm.getDeviceId();
//Get SIM Serial Number
String SIMSerialNumber=tm.getSimSerialNumber();
//Get Network Country ISO Code
String networkCountryISO=tm.getNetworkCountryIso();
//Get SIM Country ISO Code
String SIMCountryISO=tm.getSimCountryIso();
//Get the device software version
String softwareVersion=tm.getDeviceSoftwareVersion()
//Get the Voice mail number
String voiceMailNumber=tm.getVoiceMailNumber();
//Get the Phone Type CDMA/GSM/NONE
int phoneType=tm.getPhoneType();
switch (phoneType)
{
case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA):
// your code
break;
case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_GSM)
// your code
break;
case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_NONE):
// your code
break;
}
//Find whether the Phone is in Roaming, returns true if in roaming
boolean isRoaming=tm.isNetworkRoaming();
if(isRoaming)
phoneDetails+="\nIs In Roaming : "+"YES";
else
phoneDetails+="\nIs In Roaming : "+"NO";
//Get the SIM state
int SIMState=tm.getSimState();
switch(SIMState)
{
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT :
// your code
break;
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_NETWORK_LOCKED :
// your code
break;
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_PIN_REQUIRED :
// your code
break;
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_PUK_REQUIRED :
// your code
break;
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_READY :
// your code
break;
case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_UNKNOWN :
// your code
break;
}
*/
// Now read the desired content to a textview.
loading_tv2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.loading_tv2);
loading_tv2.setText(IMEINumber);
}
}
希望这对您或某人有所帮助。
由于 API 26getDeviceId()
已折旧,因此您可以使用以下代码来满足 API 26 和更早版本的需求
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String imei="";
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
imei=telephonyManager.getImei();
}
else
{
imei=telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}
不要忘记添加READ_PHONE_STATE
使用上述代码的权限请求。
更新:从 Android 10 开始,用户应用程序只能获取不可重置的硬件标识符,如 IMEI。
新更新:
对于 Android 版本 6 及更高版本,WLAN MAC 地址已被弃用,请遵循 Trevor Johns 的回答
更新:
对于设备的唯一标识,您可以使用Secure.ANDROID_ID。
老答案:
使用 IMEI 作为唯一设备 ID 的缺点:
- IMEI 依赖于设备的 Simcard 插槽,因此无法获取不使用 Simcard 的设备的 IMEI。在双卡设备中,我们为同一设备获得 2 个不同的 IMEI,因为它有 2 个 SIM 卡插槽。
您可以使用 WLAN MAC 地址字符串(不推荐用于 Marshmallow 和 Marshmallow+,因为 WLAN MAC 地址已在 Marshmallow 转发中被弃用。所以您会得到一个虚假值)
我们也可以使用 WLAN MAC 地址获取安卓手机的唯一 ID。MAC 地址对所有设备都是唯一的,适用于所有类型的设备。
使用 WLAN MAC 地址作为设备 ID 的优点:
它是所有类型设备(智能手机和平板电脑)的唯一标识符。
如果重新安装应用程序,它仍然是唯一的
使用 WLAN MAC 地址作为 Device ID 的缺点:
给你一个棉花糖及以上的虚假价值。
如果设备没有 wifi 硬件,那么你会得到空 MAC 地址,但通常可以看到大多数 Android 设备都有 wifi 硬件,市场上几乎没有没有 wifi 硬件的设备。
资料来源:technetexperts.com
TelephonyManager 的 getDeviceId() 方法返回唯一的设备 ID,例如 GSM 的 IMEI 和 CDMA 手机的 MEID 或 ESN。如果设备 ID 不可用,则返回 null。
Java 代码
package com.AndroidTelephonyManager;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class AndroidTelephonyManager extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
TextView textDeviceID = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.deviceid);
//retrieve a reference to an instance of TelephonyManager
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
textDeviceID.setText(getDeviceID(telephonyManager));
}
String getDeviceID(TelephonyManager phonyManager){
String id = phonyManager.getDeviceId();
if (id == null){
id = "not available";
}
int phoneType = phonyManager.getPhoneType();
switch(phoneType){
case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_NONE:
return "NONE: " + id;
case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_GSM:
return "GSM: IMEI=" + id;
case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA:
return "CDMA: MEID/ESN=" + id;
/*
* for API Level 11 or above
* case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_SIP:
* return "SIP";
*/
default:
return "UNKNOWN: ID=" + id;
}
}
}
XML
<linearlayout android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<textview android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:text="@string/hello">
<textview android:id="@+id/deviceid" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent">
</textview></textview></linearlayout>
清单文件中需要 READ_PHONE_STATE权限。
试试这个(需要始终获得第一个 IMEI)
TelephonyManager mTelephony = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(LoginActivity.this,Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (mTelephony.getPhoneCount() == 2) {
IME = mTelephony.getImei(0);
}else{
IME = mTelephony.getImei();
}
}else{
if (mTelephony.getPhoneCount() == 2) {
IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId(0);
} else {
IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId();
}
}
} else {
IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId();
}
您可以使用此 TelephonyManager TELEPHONY_SERVICE函数来获取唯一的设备 ID,需要权限:READ_PHONE_STATE
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
例如,GSM 的 IMEI和CDMA手机的MEID 或 ESN 。
/**
* Gets the device unique id called IMEI. Sometimes, this returns 00000000000000000 for the
* rooted devices.
**/
public static String getDeviceImei(Context ctx) {
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
return telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}
如果设备 ID 不可用,则返回 null。
使用以下代码为您提供 IMEI 号码:
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
System.out.println("IMEI::" + telephonyManager.getDeviceId());
该方法getDeviceId()
已弃用。有一种新方法getImei(int)
您需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中获得以下权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
要获取IMEI(国际移动设备标识符),如果它高于 API 级别 26,那么我们将得到telephonyManager.getImei()
null,因此,我们使用ANDROID_ID作为唯一标识符。
public static String getIMEINumber(@NonNull final Context context)
throws SecurityException, NullPointerException {
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String imei;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
assert tm != null;
imei = tm.getImei();
//this change is for Android 10 as per security concern it will not provide the imei number.
if (imei == null) {
imei = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
}
} else {
assert tm != null;
if (tm.getDeviceId() != null && !tm.getDeviceId().equals("000000000000000")) {
imei = tm.getDeviceId();
} else {
imei = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
}
}
return imei;
}
API 11 级或以上:
case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_SIP:
return "SIP";
TelephonyManager tm= (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
textDeviceID.setText(getDeviceID(tm));
用于获取 DeviceId (IMEI) 的 Kotlin 代码,并针对所有 android 版本处理权限和可比性检查:
val telephonyManager = getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Permission is granted
val imei : String? = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) telephonyManager.imei
// older OS versions
else telephonyManager.deviceId
imei?.let {
Log.i("Log", "DeviceId=$it" )
}
} else { // Permission is not granted
}
还要将此权限添加到 AndroidManifest.xml :
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/> <!-- IMEI-->
对于 Android 10 以下代码对我有用。
val uid: String = Settings.Secure.getString(ctx.applicationContext.contentResolver, Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID)
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(ctx, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
imei = when {
Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
uid
}
Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O -> {
telephonyManager.imei
}
else -> {
telephonyManager.deviceId
}
}
}
使用下面的代码:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE};
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions(permissions, READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
} else {
try {
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
并调用以下代码的 onRequestPermissionsResult 方法:
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case READ_PHONE_STATE:
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
try {
TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在您的 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加以下权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
对不可重置设备标识符的限制
从 Android 10 开始,应用必须具有READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE
特权权限才能访问设备的不可重置标识符,其中包括 IMEI 和序列号。
对于那些寻找 Kotlin 版本的人,你可以使用这样的东西;
private fun telephonyService() {
val telephonyManager = getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
val imei = if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
Timber.i("Phone >= 26 IMEI")
telephonyManager.imei
} else {
Timber.i("Phone IMEI < 26")
telephonyManager.deviceId
}
Timber.i("Phone IMEI $imei")
}
注意:您必须使用checkSelfPermission或您使用的任何方法telephonyService()
进行权限检查。
还要在清单文件中添加此权限;
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
您无法从 andorid 10+ 或 29+ 手机获取 imei 号码,这是用于为设备创建 imei 号码的替代功能。
public static String getDeviceID(){
String devIDShort = "35" + //we make this look like a valid IMEI
Build.BOARD.length()%10+ Build.BRAND.length()%10 +
Build.CPU_ABI.length()%10 + Build.DEVICE.length()%10 +
Build.DISPLAY.length()%10 + Build.HOST.length()%10 +
Build.ID.length()%10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length()%10 +
Build.MODEL.length()%10 + Build.PRODUCT.length()%10 +
Build.TAGS.length()%10 + Build.TYPE.length()%10 +
Build.USER.length()%10 ; //13 digits
return devIDShort;
}