1

我有一个应该读取文件的函数,将单独的行作为单独的元素放入数组中。然后它应该遍历数组并将某些元素放在结构中的某些位置。

几乎拥有它......当我去打印结构以确保一切正常时,出现了额外的字符!

这是文件中的内容:

123
pre
45
cse
67
345
ret
45
cse
56

这就是它正在打印的内容:

123
pre
45
cse
C
67
345
ret
45
cse
8
56

这是代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct students         //Defining structure for students
{
    int id;        //Students ID Number
    char name[30];      //Students Name
    int age;            //Students Age
    char dept[4];       //Studets Department
    int grade;          //Students Grade
};



int main()
{
    struct students list[20];
    FILE *f;
    char line[30];
    char **temp = NULL;
    int num_righ = 0;
    int id5;
    int age5;
    int grade5;
    int i, k;

    f = fopen("records.txt", "r");



    while(fgets(line, sizeof (line), f) != NULL)
    {
        if (line != NULL)
        {
            num_righ++;
            temp = (char**)realloc(temp, sizeof(char*) *num_righ);
            temp[num_righ - 1] = strdup(line);
        }
    }

    fclose(f);
    k = 0;
    i = 0;
    while (temp[i] != NULL)
    {
        id5 = atoi(temp[i]);
        list[k].id = id5;
        i++;
        strcpy(list[k].name, temp[i]);
        i++;
        age5 = atoi(temp[i]);
        list[k].age = age5;
        i++;
        strcpy(list[k].dept, temp[i]);
        i++;
        grade5 = atoi(temp[i]);
        list[k].grade = grade5;
        i++;
        k++;


    }
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        printf("%d\n", list[i].id);
        printf("%s", list[i].name);
        printf("%d\n", list[i].age);
        printf("%s\n", list[i].dept);
        printf("%d\n", list[i].grade);
    }
}
4

2 回答 2

4

需要注意的一件事是“C”的十进制值为 67,“8”的十进制值为 56。您的学生数组中的部门数组太小。它正在抓取换行符,然后无法存储终止符。printf 贯穿到等级整数,它被打印为一个字符。

编辑:相反,您的数组并不太小,但 fgets 正在抓取换行符,该换行符填充了数组,从而防止空终止符被正确存储。

于 2013-10-31T01:30:08.873 回答
1

下面的代码解决了多个问题——它不仅确保字符串被“安全地”复制(使用strncpy, 并用 a 终止字符串'\0'),而且还确保您不会在内存中创建所有数据的第二个副本(不是玩具例子的问题,但为什么要从坏习惯开始)。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct students         //Defining structure for students
{
    int id;        //Students ID Number
    char name[30];      //Students Name
    int age;            //Students Age
    char dept[4];       //Studets Department
    int grade;          //Students Grade
};

int main()
{
    struct students list[20];
    FILE *f;
    char line[30];
    char **temp = NULL;
    int num_righ = 0;
    int id5;
    int age5;
    int grade5;
    int i, k=0;
    char *newLine;

    f = fopen("records.txt", "r");
    int s = 0;  // this is the "state" counter - it goes from 0 to 4, then back to 0

    while(fgets(line, sizeof (line), f) != NULL)
    {
       newLine = strchr(line, '\n');
       if(newLine) *newLine='\0'; // terminate string on the newline.
        switch(s) {
          case 0:
            list[k].id = atoi(line);
            break;
          case 1:
             strncpy(list[k].name, line, 30);
             list[k].name[29]='\0'; // make sure it is terminated
             break;
          case 2:
            list[k].age = atoi(line);
            break;
          case 3:
            strncpy(list[k].dept, line, 3);
            list[k].dept[3] = '\0'; // make sure it is terminated
            break;
          case 4:
            list[k].grade = atoi(line);
            break;
        }
        s++;
        if (s == 5) {
          s = 0;
          k++; // if it's 5, go back to zero and start reading next structure
        }
      }
    fclose(f);

    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        printf("id: %d\n", list[i].id);
        printf("name: %s", list[i].name);
        printf("age: %d\n", list[i].age);
        printf("dept: %s\n", list[i].dept);
        printf("grade: %d\n\n", list[i].grade);
    }
}
于 2013-10-31T01:23:41.410 回答