23

我想编写一个使用 Python 的smtplib发送电子邮件的程序。我搜索了文档和 RFC，但找不到与附件相关的任何内容。因此，我确信我错过了一些更高层次的概念。有人能告诉我附件在 SMTP 中是如何工作的吗？

4

6 回答 6

32

以下是带有 PDF 附件、文本“正文”并通过 Gmail 发送的邮件示例。

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# For guessing MIME type
import mimetypes

# Import the email modules we'll need
import email
import email.mime.application

# Create a text/plain message
msg = email.mime.Multipart.MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Greetings'
msg['From'] = 'xyz@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = 'abc@gmail.com'

# The main body is just another attachment
body = email.mime.Text.MIMEText("""Hello, how are you? I am fine.
This is a rather nice letter, don't you think?""")
msg.attach(body)

# PDF attachment
filename='simple-table.pdf'
fp=open(filename,'rb')
att = email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(fp.read(),_subtype="pdf")
fp.close()
att.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=filename)
msg.attach(att)

# send via Gmail server
# NOTE: my ISP, Centurylink, seems to be automatically rewriting
# port 25 packets to be port 587 and it is trashing port 587 packets.
# So, I use the default port 25, but I authenticate. 
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com')
s.starttls()
s.login('xyz@gmail.com','xyzpassword')
s.sendmail('xyz@gmail.com',['xyz@gmail.com'], msg.as_string())
s.quit()
于 2011-11-23T13:32:07.977 回答
19

这是我从我们所做的工作应用程序中截取的一个示例。它创建一个带有 Excel 附件的 HTML 电子邮件。

  import smtplib,email,email.encoders,email.mime.text,email.mime.base

  smtpserver = 'localhost'
  to = ['email@somewhere.com']
  fromAddr = 'automated@hi.com'
  subject = "my subject"

  # create html email
  html = '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" '
  html +='"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">'
  html +='<body style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana"><p>...</p>'
  html += "</body></html>"
  emailMsg = email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart('alternative')
  emailMsg['Subject'] = subject
  emailMsg['From'] = fromAddr
  emailMsg['To'] = ', '.join(to)
  emailMsg['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc)
  emailMsg.attach(email.mime.text.MIMEText(html,'html'))

  # now attach the file
  fileMsg = email.mime.base.MIMEBase('application','vnd.ms-excel')
  fileMsg.set_payload(file('exelFile.xls').read())
  email.encoders.encode_base64(fileMsg)
  fileMsg.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment;filename=anExcelFile.xls')
  emailMsg.attach(fileMsg)

  # send email
  server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
  server.sendmail(fromAddr,to,emailMsg.as_string())
  server.quit()
于 2009-12-27T16:03:46.780 回答
12

您要检查的是email模块。它允许您构建符合MIME的消息，然后使用 smtplib 发送这些消息。

于 2009-12-27T14:39:32.440 回答
3

好吧，附件没有以任何特殊方式处理，它们只是“消息对象”树的“叶子”。您可以在email python 包文档的本节中找到有关 MIME 兼容消息的任何问题的答案。

通常，任何类型的附件（读取：原始二进制数据）都可以使用 base64（或类似）表示Content-Transfer-Encoding。

于 2009-12-27T14:50:15.617 回答
3

以下是发送带有 zip 文件附件和 utf-8 编码主题+正文的电子邮件的方法。

由于缺乏针对此特定案例的文档和示例，因此很难弄清楚这一点。

回复中的非 ascii 字符需要使用例如 ISO-8859-1 进行编码。可能存在可以执行此操作的功能。

提示：
给自己发送一封电子邮件，保存并检查内容以找出如何在 Python 中做同样的事情。

这是 Python 3 的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:set ts=4 sw=4 et:

from os.path import basename
from smtplib import SMTP
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from base64 import encodebytes

def send_email(recipients=["somebody@somewhere.xyz"],
         subject="Test subject æøå",
         body="Test body æøå",
         zipfiles=[],
         server="smtp.somewhere.xyz",
         username="bob",
         password="password123",
         sender="Bob <bob@somewhere.xyz>",
         replyto="=?ISO-8859-1?Q?M=F8=F8=F8?= <bob@somewhere.xyz>"): #: bool
    """Sends an e-mail"""
    to = ",".join(recipients)
    charset = "utf-8"
    # Testing if body can be encoded with the charset
    try:
        body.encode(charset)
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        print("Could not encode " + body + " as " + charset + ".")
        return False

    # Split real name (which is optional) and email address parts
    sender_name, sender_addr = parseaddr(sender)
    replyto_name, replyto_addr = parseaddr(replyto)

    sender_name = str(Header(sender_name, charset))
    replyto_name = str(Header(replyto_name, charset))

    # Create the message ('plain' stands for Content-Type: text/plain)
    try:
        msgtext = MIMEText(body.encode(charset), 'plain', charset)
    except TypeError:
        print("MIMEText fail")
        return False

    msg = MIMEMultipart()

    msg['From'] = formataddr((sender_name, sender_addr))
    msg['To'] = to #formataddr((recipient_name, recipient_addr))
    msg['Reply-to'] = formataddr((replyto_name, replyto_addr))
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, charset)

    msg.attach(msgtext)

    for zipfile in zipfiles:
        part = MIMEBase('application', "zip")
        b = open(zipfile, "rb").read()
        # Convert from bytes to a base64-encoded ascii string
        bs = encodebytes(b).decode()
        # Add the ascii-string to the payload
        part.set_payload(bs)
        # Tell the e-mail client that we're using base 64
        part.add_header('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'base64')
        part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' %
                        os.path.basename(zipfile))
        msg.attach(part)

    s = SMTP()
    try:
        s.connect(server)
    except:
        print("Could not connect to smtp server: " + server)
        return False

    if username:
        s.login(username, password)
    print("Sending the e-mail")
    s.sendmail(sender, recipients, msg.as_string())
    s.quit()
    return True

def main():
    send_email()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
于 2010-01-29T10:17:11.293 回答
1 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Mail sender
"""

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

import smtplib
import pystache
import codecs
import time

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')


HOST = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
PORT = 587
USER = 'your@mail.com'
PASS = 'yourpass'
FROM = 'your@mail.com'

SUBJECT = 'subject'
HTML_NAME = 'tpl.html'
CSV_NAME = 'list.txt'
FAILED_LIST = []


def send(mail_receiver, mail_to):
    # text = mail_text
    html = render(mail_receiver)

    # msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
    msg['From'] = FROM
    msg['To'] = mail_to.encode()
    msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT.encode()

    # msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain', 'utf-8'))
    msg.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html', 'utf-8'))

    try:
        _sender = smtplib.SMTP(
            HOST,
            PORT
        )
        _sender.starttls()
        _sender.login(USER, PASS)
        _sender.sendmail(FROM, mail_to, msg.as_string())
        _sender.quit()
        print "Success"
    except smtplib.SMTPException, e:
        print e
        FAILED_LIST.append(mail_receiver + ',' + mail_to)


def render(name):
    _tpl = codecs.open(
        './html/' + HTML_NAME,
        'r',
        'utf-8'
    )
    _html_string = _tpl.read()
    return pystache.render(_html_string, {
        'receiver': name
    })


def main():
    ls = open('./csv/' + CSV_NAME, 'r')
    mail_list = ls.read().split('\r')

    for _receiver in mail_list:
        _tmp = _receiver.split(',')
        print 'Mail: ' + _tmp[0] + ',' + _tmp[1]
        time.sleep(20)
        send(_tmp[0], _tmp[1])

    print FAILED_LIST


main()
于 2016-11-02T16:08:00.407 回答