我需要在我的 SQL Server 2005 数据库中的两个表上实现更改跟踪。我需要审核添加、删除、更新（包含更新内容的详细信息）。我正计划使用 atrigger来执行此操作，但似乎很容易错误地执行此操作。
任何人都可以发布一个更新触发器的示例，以优雅的方式成功地完成此操作吗？我希望最终得到一个具有以下结构的审计表：
- ID
- 日志日期
- 表名
- TransactionType（更新/插入/删除）
- 记录ID
- 字段名
- 旧值
- 新价值
……想法？
问问题
86944 次
10 回答
38
我只想指出几点：
使用代码生成器您不能使用单个过程来跟踪所有表，您需要在每个跟踪的表上生成相似但不同的触发器。这种工作最适合自动代码生成。在您的位置，我将使用 XSLT 转换从 XML 生成代码，并且 XML 可以从元数据自动生成。这允许您在每次更改审计逻辑/结构或添加/更改目标表时重新生成触发器，从而轻松维护触发器。
考虑审计的容量规划。到目前为止，跟踪所有值更改的审计表将是数据库中最大的表：它将包含所有当前数据和当前数据的所有历史记录。这样的表会使数据库大小增加 2-3 个数量级（x10，x100）。而审计表很快就会成为一切的瓶颈：
- 每个 DML 操作都需要审计表中的锁
- 由于审计，所有管理和维护操作都必须适应数据库的大小
考虑到架构更改。一个名为“Foo”的表可能会被删除，稍后可能会创建一个名为“Foo”的不同表。审计跟踪必须能够区分两个不同的对象。最好使用缓慢变化的维度方法。
考虑需要有效地删除审计记录。当您的应用程序主题策略规定的保留期到期时，您需要能够删除到期的审计记录。现在看起来可能没什么大不了的，但是 5 年后当第一条记录到期时，审计表已经增长到 9.5TB，这可能是个问题。
考虑审计查询的需要。审计表结构必须准备好有效地响应审计查询。如果您的审计无法被查询，那么它就没有价值。查询将完全由您的需求驱动，只有您知道，但大多数审计记录是按时间间隔（“昨天晚上 7 点到 8 点之间发生了什么变化？”），按对象（“此记录发生了什么变化”表？'）或作者（'Bob 在数据库中做了什么更改？'）。
于 2009-12-26T17:19:09.457 回答
19
我们正在使用生成审计触发器的ApexSQL 审计，以下是该工具使用的数据结构。如果您不打算购买 3rd 方解决方案，您可以在试用模式下安装此工具，看看他们如何实现触发器和存储，然后为自己创建类似的东西。
我没有费心详细介绍这些表的工作原理，但希望这能让你开始。
于 2013-03-28T10:15:49.943 回答
14
没有通用的方法可以按照您想要的方式进行操作。最终，您最终会为每个表编写大量代码。更不用说如果您需要比较每一列的变化，它可能会很慢。
此外，您可能同时更新多行这一事实意味着您需要打开一个游标来循环遍历所有记录。
我这样做的方式是使用结构与您正在跟踪的表相同的表，然后将其取消透视以显示哪些列实际发生了变化。我还会跟踪实际进行更改的会话。这假设您在被跟踪的表中有主键。
所以给定一张这样的桌子
CREATE TABLE TestTable
(ID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_TEST_TABLE PRIMARY KEY,
Name1 NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
Name2 NVARCHAR(40))
我会在审计 schmea 中创建一个这样的审计表。
CREATE TABLE Audit.TestTable
(SessionID UNIQUEIDENTIFER NOT NULL,
ID INT NOT NULL,
Name1 NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
Name2 NVARCHAR(40),
Action NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT CK_ACTION CHECK(Action In 'Deleted','Updated'),
RowType NVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT CK_ROWTYPE CHECK (RowType in 'New','Old','Deleted'),
ChangedDate DATETIME NOT NULL Default GETDATE(),
ChangedBy SYSNHAME NOT NULL DEFAULT USER_NAME())
像这样的更新触发器
CREATE Trigger UpdateTestTable ON DBO.TestTable FOR UPDATE AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @SessionID UNIQUEIDENTIFER
SET @SessionID = NEWID()
INSERT Audit.TestTable(Id,Name1,Name2,Action,RowType,SessionID)
SELECT ID,name1,Name2,'Updated','Old',@SessionID FROM Deleted
INSERT Audit.TestTable(Id,Name1,Name2,Action,RowType,SessionID)
SELECT ID,name1,Name2,'Updated','New',@SessionID FROM Inserted
END
这运行得非常快。在报告期间，您只需根据 sessionID 和主键加入行并生成报告。或者，您可以有一个批处理作业定期检查审计表中的所有表，并准备一个显示更改的名称-值对。
高温高压
于 2009-12-26T15:26:35.937 回答
2
它看起来很简单，应该可以很好地工作，直到你的表中有 image/varbinary 等元素你有整个旧记录和整个新记录作为 xml。也应该可以在 1 批中正常插入多列。
CREATE TABLE _AuditTable
(Aud_Id int identity(1,1) primary key,
Aud_TableName varchar(100),
Aud_ActionType char(1),
Aud_Username varchar(100),
Aud_OLDValues xml,
Aud_NEWValues xml,
Aud_OperationDate datetime DEFAULT GETDATE()
)
并触发代码
CREATE TRIGGER _test2_InsertUpdate on _test2
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted)
RETURN;
declare @tablename varchar(100)
SELECT @tablename = OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
FROM sys.objects
WHERE sys.objects.name = OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID)
/*Action*/
DECLARE @ActionType char(1)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM inserted)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM deleted)
SELECT @ActionType = 'U'
ELSE
SELECT @ActionType = 'I'
ELSE
SELECT @ActionType = 'D'
declare @inserted xml, @deleted xml
SET @inserted = (SELECT * FROM inserted FOR XML PATH)
SET @deleted = (SELECT * FROM deleted FOR XML PATH)
INSERT INTO _AuditTable(Aud_TableName, Aud_ActionType, Aud_Username, Aud_OLDValues, Aud_NEWValues)
SELECT @tablename, @ActionType, SUSER_SNAME(), @deleted, @inserted
END
输出
Aud_Id | Aud_TableName | Aud_ActionType | Aud_Username | Aud_OLDValues | Aud_NEWValues | Aud_OperationDate
1 |_test2 | I |abc\mR | NULL |<row><name>abc</name></row> | 2018-11-07 12:38:34.937
于 2018-11-07T11:50:52.840 回答
1
我终于找到了一个通用的解决方案，它不需要动态 sql 并记录所有列的更改。
如果表发生更改，则不需要更改触发器。
这是审核日志：
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Audit](
[ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[Type] [char](1) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
[TableName] [nvarchar](128) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
[PK] [int] NULL,
[FieldName] [nvarchar](128) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
[OldValue] [nvarchar](max) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
[NewValue] [nvarchar](max) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
[UpdateDate] [datetime] NULL,
[Username] [nvarchar](8) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_AuditB] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]
这是一个表的触发器：
INSERT INTO ILSe.dbo.Audit ([Type], TableName, PK, FieldName, OldValue, NewValue, Username)
SELECT
CASE WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT ID FROM deleted WHERE ID = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN 'I'
WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT ID FROM inserted WHERE ID = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN 'D'
ELSE 'U' END as [Type],
'AGB' as TableName,
ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK) as PK,
ISNULL(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) as FieldName,
del.FieldValue as OldValue,
ins.FieldValue as NewValue,
ISNULL(ins.Username,del.Username) as Username
FROM (SELECT
insRowTbl.PK,
insRowTbl.Username,
attr.insRow.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as FieldName,
attr.insRow.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as FieldValue
FROM (Select
i.ID as PK,
i.LastModifiedBy as Username,
convert(xml, (select i.* for xml raw)) as insRowCol
from inserted as i
) as insRowTbl
CROSS APPLY insRowTbl.insRowCol.nodes('/row/@*') as attr(insRow)
) as ins
FULL OUTER JOIN (SELECT
delRowTbl.PK,
delRowTbl.Username,
attr.delRow.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as FieldName,
attr.delRow.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as FieldValue
FROM (Select
d.ID as PK,
d.LastModifiedBy as Username,
convert(xml, (select d.* for xml raw)) as delRowCol
from deleted as d
) as delRowTbl
CROSS APPLY delRowTbl.delRowCol.nodes('/row/@*') as attr(delRow)
) as del
on ins.PK = del.PK and ins.FieldName = del.FieldName
WHERE
isnull(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) not in ('LastModifiedBy', 'ID', 'TimeStamp')
and ((ins.FieldValue is null and del.FieldValue is not null)
or (ins.FieldValue is not null and del.FieldValue is null)
or (ins.FieldValue != del.FieldValue))
此触发器用于一个名为 AGB 的表。名为 AGB 的表有一个名为 ID 的主键列和一个名为 LastModifiedBy 的列，其中包含进行最后编辑的用户名。
触发器由两部分组成，首先它将插入和删除表的列转换为行。这在这里详细解释：https ://stackoverflow.com/a/43799776/4160788
然后它通过主键和字段名连接插入和删除表的行（每列一行），并为每个更改的列记录一行。它不会记录 ID、TimeStamp 或 LastModifiedByColumn 的更改。
您可以插入自己的 TableName、Columns 名称。
您还可以创建以下存储过程，然后调用此存储过程来生成触发器：
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[_create_audit_trigger]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC'))
BEGIN
EXEC dbo.sp_executesql @statement = N'CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[_create_audit_trigger] AS'
END
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[_create_audit_trigger]
@TableName varchar(max),
@IDColumnName varchar(max) = 'ID',
@LastModifiedByColumnName varchar(max) = 'LastModifiedBy',
@TimeStampColumnName varchar(max) = 'TimeStamp'
AS
BEGIN
PRINT 'start ' + @TableName + ' (' + @IDColumnName + ', ' + @LastModifiedByColumnName + ', ' + @TimeStampColumnName + ')'
/* if you have other audit trigger on this table and want to disable all triggers, enable this:
EXEC ('ALTER TABLE ' + @TableName + ' DISABLE TRIGGER ALL')*/
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE [type] = 'TR' AND [name] = 'tr_audit_'+@TableName)
EXEC ('DROP TRIGGER [dbo].tr_audit_'+@TableName)
EXEC ('
CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[tr_audit_'+@TableName+'] ON [ILSe].[dbo].['+@TableName+'] FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
INSERT INTO ILSe.dbo.Audit ([Type], TableName, PK, FieldName, OldValue, NewValue, Username)
SELECT CASE WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT '+@IDColumnName+' FROM deleted WHERE '+@IDColumnName+' = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN ''I'' WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT '+@IDColumnName+' FROM inserted WHERE '+@IDColumnName+' = ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK)) THEN ''D'' ELSE ''U'' END as [Type],
'''+@TableName+''' as TableName, ISNULL(ins.PK,del.PK) as PK, ISNULL(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) as FieldName, del.FieldValue as OldValue, ins.FieldValue as NewValue, ISNULL(ins.Username,del.Username) as Username FROM
(SELECT insRowTbl.PK, insRowTbl.Username, attr.insRow.value(''local-name(.)'', ''nvarchar(128)'') as FieldName, attr.insRow.value(''.'', ''nvarchar(max)'') as FieldValue FROM (Select
i.'+@IDColumnName+' as PK,
i.'+@LastModifiedByColumnName+' as Username,
convert(xml, (select i.* for xml raw)) as insRowCol
from inserted as i) as insRowTbl
CROSS APPLY insRowTbl.insRowCol.nodes(''/row/@*'') as attr(insRow)) as ins
FULL OUTER JOIN
(SELECT delRowTbl.PK, delRowTbl.Username, attr.delRow.value(''local-name(.)'', ''nvarchar(128)'') as FieldName, attr.delRow.value(''.'', ''nvarchar(max)'') as FieldValue FROM (Select
d.'+@IDColumnName+' as PK,
d.'+@LastModifiedByColumnName+' as Username,
convert(xml, (select d.* for xml raw)) as delRowCol
from deleted as d) as delRowTbl
CROSS APPLY delRowTbl.delRowCol.nodes(''/row/@*'') as attr(delRow)) as del on ins.PK = del.PK and ins.FieldName = del.FieldName
WHERE isnull(ins.FieldName,del.FieldName) not in ('''+@LastModifiedByColumnName+''', '''+@IDColumnName+''', '''+@TimeStampColumnName+''') and
((ins.FieldValue is null and del.FieldValue is not null) or (ins.FieldValue is not null and del.FieldValue is null) or (ins.FieldValue != del.FieldValue))
END
')
PRINT 'end ' + @TableName
PRINT ''
END
于 2017-05-05T08:39:02.207 回答
1
每个想要监视的表都需要自己的触发器。很明显，正如在接受的答案中指出的那样，代码生成将是一件好事。
如果您喜欢这种方法，则可以使用此触发器并将一些通用步骤替换为分别为每个表生成的代码。
尽管如此，我还是创建了一个完全通用的 Audit-Trigger。观察到的表必须有一个 PK，但这个 PK 甚至可能是multi-column。
某些列类型（如 BLOB）可能不起作用，但您可以轻松地将它们排除在外。
这不会是最好的性能:-D
老实说：这更像是一种锻炼......
SET NOCOUNT ON;
GO
CREATE TABLE AuditTest(ID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
,LogDate DATETIME
,TableSchema VARCHAR(250)
,TableName VARCHAR(250)
,AuditType VARCHAR(250),Content XML);
GO
--一些表来测试这个（故意使用古怪的PK列......）
CREATE TABLE dbo.Testx(ID1 DATETIME NOT NULL
,ID2 UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NOT NULL
,Test1 VARCHAR(100)
,Test2 DATETIME);
--Add a two column PK
ALTER TABLE dbo.Testx ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Test PRIMARY KEY(ID1,ID2);
--一些测试数据
INSERT INTO dbo.Testx(ID1,ID2,Test1,Test2) VALUES
({d'2000-01-01'},NEWID(),'Test1',NULL)
,({d'2000-02-01'},NEWID(),'Test2',{d'2002-02-02'});
--这是当前内容
SELECT * FROM dbo.Testx;
GO
--审计的触发器
CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateTestTrigger]
ON [dbo].[Testx]
FOR UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE
AS
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) RETURN;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @tableSchema VARCHAR(250);
DECLARE @tableName VARCHAR(250);
DECLARE @AuditID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER=NEWID();
DECLARE @LogDate DATETIME=GETDATE();
SELECT @tableSchema = sch.name
,@tableName = tb.name
FROM sys.triggers AS tr
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS tb ON tr.parent_id=tb.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS sch ON tb.schema_id=sch.schema_id
WHERE tr.object_id = @@PROCID
DECLARE @tp VARCHAR(10)=CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'upd'
ELSE CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted) THEN 'del' ELSE 'ins' END END;
SELECT * INTO #tmpInserted FROM inserted;
SELECT * INTO #tmpDeleted FROM deleted;
SELECT kc.ORDINAL_POSITION, kc.COLUMN_NAME
INTO #tmpPKColumns
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS tc
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS kc ON tc.TABLE_CATALOG=kc.TABLE_CATALOG
AND tc.TABLE_SCHEMA=kc.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND tc.TABLE_NAME=kc.TABLE_NAME
AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME=kc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE='PRIMARY KEY'
WHERE tc.TABLE_SCHEMA=@tableSchema
AND tc.TABLE_NAME=@tableName
ORDER BY kc.ORDINAL_POSITION;
DECLARE @pkCols VARCHAR(MAX)=
STUFF
(
(
SELECT 'UNION ALL SELECT ''' + pc.COLUMN_NAME + ''' AS [@name] , CAST(COALESCE(i.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + ',d.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + ') AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS [@value] '
FROM #tmpPKColumns AS pc
ORDER BY pc.ORDINAL_POSITION
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,16,'');
DECLARE @pkColsCompare VARCHAR(MAX)=
STUFF
(
(
SELECT 'AND i.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME) + '=d.' + QUOTENAME(pc.COLUMN_NAME)
FROM #tmpPKColumns AS pc
ORDER BY pc.ORDINAL_POSITION
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,3,'');
DECLARE @cols VARCHAR(MAX)=
STUFF
(
(
SELECT ',' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN
'CASE WHEN (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + ']!=d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] ' +
'OR (i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL) ' +
'OR (i.['+ COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NOT NULL AND d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] IS NULL)) ' +
'THEN ' ELSE '' END +
'(SELECT ''' + COLUMN_NAME + ''' AS [@name]' +
CASE WHEN @tp IN ('upd','del') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(d.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@old]' ELSE '' END +
CASE WHEN @tp IN ('ins','upd') THEN ',ISNULL(CAST(i.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)),N''##NULL##'') AS [@new] ' ELSE '' END +
' FOR XML PATH(''Column''),TYPE) ' + CASE WHEN @tp='upd' THEN 'END' ELSE '' END
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@tableSchema AND TABLE_NAME=@tableName
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,1,''
);
DECLARE @cmd VARCHAR(MAX)=
'SET LANGUAGE ENGLISH;
WITH ChangedColumns AS
(
SELECT A.PK' +
',A.PK.query(''data(/PK/Column/@value)'').value(''text()[1]'',''nvarchar(max)'') AS PKVals' +
',Col.*
FROM #tmpInserted AS i
FULL OUTER JOIN #tmpDeleted AS d ON ' + @pkColsCompare +
' CROSS APPLY
(
SELECT ' + @cols + '
FOR XML PATH(''''),TYPE
) AS Col([Column])
CROSS APPLY(SELECT (SELECT tbl.* FROM (SELECT ' + @pkCols + ') AS tbl FOR XML PATH(''Column''), ROOT(''PK''),TYPE)) AS A(PK)
)
INSERT INTO AuditTest(ID,LogDate,TableSchema,TableName,AuditType,Content)
SELECT ''' + CAST(@AuditID AS VARCHAR(MAX)) + ''',''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),@LogDate,126) + ''',''' + @tableSchema + ''',''' + @tableName + ''',''' + @tp + '''
,(
SELECT ''' + @tableSchema + ''' AS [@TableSchema]
,''' + @tableName + ''' AS [@TableName]
,''' + @tp + ''' AS [@ActionType]
,(
SELECT ChangedColumns.PK AS [*]
,(
SELECT x.[Column] AS [*],''''
FROM ChangedColumns AS x
WHERE x.PKVals=ChangedColumns.PKVals
FOR XML PATH(''Values''),TYPE
)
FROM ChangedColumns
FOR XML PATH(''Row''),TYPE
)
FOR XML PATH(''Changes'')
);';
EXEC (@cmd);
DROP TABLE #tmpInserted;
DROP TABLE #tmpDeleted;
END
GO
--现在让我们通过一些操作来测试它：
UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test1='New 1' WHERE ID1={d'2000-01-01'};
UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test1='New 1',Test2={d'2000-01-01'} ;
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1={d'2000-02-01'};
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1=GETDATE(); --no affect
INSERT INTO dbo.Testx(ID1,ID2,Test1,Test2) VALUES
({d'2000-03-01'},NEWID(),'Test3',{d'2001-03-03'})
,({d'2000-04-01'},NEWID(),'Test4',{d'2001-04-04'})
,({d'2000-05-01'},NEWID(),'Test5',{d'2001-05-05'});
UPDATE dbo.Testx SET Test2=NULL; --all rows
DELETE FROM dbo.Testx WHERE ID1 IN ({d'2000-02-01'},{d'2000-03-01'});
GO
--查看最终状态
SELECT * FROM dbo.Testx;
SELECT * FROM AuditTest;
GO
--清理（小心真实数据！）
DROP TABLE dbo.Testx;
GO
DROP TABLE dbo.AuditTest;
GO
插入的结果
<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="ins">
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="May 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="C2EB4D11-63F8-434E-8470-FB4A422A4ED1" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="ID1" new="May 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" new="C2EB4D11-63F8-434E-8470-FB4A422A4ED1" />
<Column name="Test1" new="Test5" />
<Column name="Test2" new="May 5 2001 12:00AM" />
</Values>
</Row>
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="Apr 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="28625CE7-9424-4FA6-AEDA-1E4853451655" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="ID1" new="Apr 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" new="28625CE7-9424-4FA6-AEDA-1E4853451655" />
<Column name="Test1" new="Test4" />
<Column name="Test2" new="Apr 4 2001 12:00AM" />
</Values>
</Row>
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="Mar 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="ID1" new="Mar 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" new="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
<Column name="Test1" new="Test3" />
<Column name="Test2" new="Mar 3 2001 12:00AM" />
</Values>
</Row>
</Changes>
更新的选择性结果
<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="upd">
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="Feb 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="D7AB263A-EEFC-47DB-A6BB-A559FE8F2119" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="Test1" old="Test2" new="New 1" />
<Column name="Test2" old="Feb 2 2002 12:00AM" new="Jan 1 2000 12:00AM" />
</Values>
</Row>
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="Jan 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="318C0A66-8833-4F03-BCEF-7AB78C91704F" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" new="Jan 1 2000 12:00AM" />
</Values>
</Row>
</Changes>
和删除的结果
<Changes TableSchema="dbo" TableName="Testx" ActionType="del">
<Row>
<PK>
<Column name="ID1" value="Mar 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" value="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
</PK>
<Values>
<Column name="ID1" old="Mar 1 2000 12:00AM" />
<Column name="ID2" old="7AB56E6C-2ADC-4945-9D94-15BC9B3F270C" />
<Column name="Test1" old="Test3" />
<Column name="Test2" old="##NULL##" />
</Values>
</Row>
</Changes>
于 2017-08-18T23:22:06.953 回答
0
我有一张与我使用过的您提出的设计非常相似的表格。
我向选定的表添加了插入、更新和删除触发器，然后检查了对选定字段的更改。当时它很简单而且效果很好。
以下是我使用这种方法发现的问题：
审计表旧/新值字段必须是 varchar(MAX) 类型才能处理所有可以审计的不同值：int、bool、decimal、float、varchar 等都必须适合
检查每个字段的代码编写维护很繁琐。也很容易错过一些事情（比如将空字段更改为没有被捕获的值，因为 NULL != value 是 NULL。
删除记录：你如何记录这个？所有领域？被选中的？变得复杂
我未来的愿景是使用一些 SQL-CLR 代码并编写一个通用触发器，该触发器被执行并检查表元数据以查看要审计的内容。其次，New/Old 值将被转换为 XML 字段并记录整个对象：这会导致更多数据，但删除会包含整个记录。网上有几篇关于 XML 审计触发器的文章。
于 2013-05-30T17:27:48.017 回答
0
CREATE TRIGGER TriggerName
ON TableName
FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @ExecStr varchar(50), @Qry nvarchar(255)
CREATE TABLE #inputbuffer
(
EventType nvarchar(30),
Parameters int,
EventInfo nvarchar(255)
)
SET @ExecStr = 'DBCC INPUTBUFFER(' + STR(@@SPID) + ')'
INSERT INTO #inputbuffer
EXEC (@ExecStr)
SET @Qry = (SELECT EventInfo FROM #inputbuffer)
SELECT @Qry AS 'Query that fired the trigger',
SYSTEM_USER as LoginName,
USER AS UserName,
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS CurrentTime
END
于 2013-06-13T12:05:03.660 回答
0
触发器用于如果您在特定表中修改或插入，这将执行，您可以检查触发器中的特定列。带有解释的完整示例在以下网站中。 http://www.allinworld99.blogspot.com/2015/04/triggers-in-sql.html
于 2015-04-13T10:55:27.313 回答
-11
有一种通用的方法可以做到这一点。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Audit](
[TYPE] [CHAR](1) NULL,
[TableName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL,
[PK] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
[FieldName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL,
[OldValue] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
[NewValue] [VARCHAR](1000) NULL,
[UpdateDate] [datetime] NULL,
[UserName] [VARCHAR](128) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
于 2012-12-05T12:38:10.300 回答