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使用 EF4 在 .NET MVC4 中遇到 Code-First 模型的问题。如果重要的话，我在 Visual Studio 2012 中，连接到远程服务器。

每当我尝试使用我的代码中的一些默认值为我的数据库播种时，我都会收到以下错误：

---> System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbUpdateException: An error occurred while
saving entities that do not expose foreign key properties for their relationships. The
EntityEntries property will return null because a single entity cannot be identified as
the source of the exception. Handling of exceptions while saving can be made easier by
exposing foreign key properties in your entity types. See the InnerException for
details. 
---> System.Data.UpdateException: An error occurred while updating the entries. See the 
inner exception for details.
---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: The conversion of a datetime2 data type to a 
datetime data type resulted in an out-of-range value.

我需要为我的模型使用 GUID，但有问题的行是试图调用以下内容：

// schedules is a list of schedules I've already created. 
foreach (var scheduleGuid in scheduleGuids)
{
    var s = scheduleGuids.IndexOf(scheduleGuid);
    var schedule = new Schedule
    {
        StartDate = new DateTime(1989, 1, 1),
        EndDate = new DateTime(1989, 1, 7),
        Id = scheduleGuid,
        Status = ScheduleStatus.Inactive,
        Recurring = true
    };


    var shifts = new List<Shift>();
    var shiftIndex = (s * 5);
    var days = shiftIndex + 5;
    for (var si = shiftIndex; si < (days); si++)
    {
        Debug.WriteLine("schedule {0}, shift {1}, total shift: {2}", s, (si > 5 ? si / 5 : si), si);
        var shiftGuid = shiftGuids[si];

        var d = shiftGuids.IndexOf(shiftGuid);
        var shift = new Shift {Schedule = schedule, Id = shiftGuid};
        switch (s)
        {
            case (0):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(6, 30);
                shift.Duration = (8.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (1):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(6, 30);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (2):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(8, 30);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (3):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(9, 30);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (4):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(11, 30);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (5):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(22, 00);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
            case (6):
                shift.StartTime = schedule.StartDate.Add(d.Days()).At(20, 00);
                shift.Duration = (10.Hours() + 30.Minutes());
                break;
        }
        shift.Description = string.Format("{4}: {0} {1} {2}, {3} - Default Shift", shift.DayOfWeek, shift.StartTime.ToString("MMMM"), shift.DayOfMonth, shift.StartTime.ToString("yyyy"), Enum.GetName(typeof(ShiftType), shift.Type));
        //context.Shifts.AddOrUpdate(shift); 
        shifts.Add(shift);
    }

    schedule.Shifts = shifts;
    schedules.Add(schedule);
    context.Shifts.AddOrUpdate(shifts.ToArray());
    context.Schedules.AddOrUpdate(schedule);
}

它失败了context.Shifts.AddOrUpdate(shifts.ToArray());

以下是有问题的模型： 

public class Schedule
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("User")]
    public Guid? UserId { get; set; }

    public virtual ScheduleUser User { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<ScheduleRule> Rules { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Shift> Shifts { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [DisplayFormat(NullDisplayText = "", DataFormatString= "{0:d}")]
    [Display(Name = "Start Date")]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [DisplayFormat(NullDisplayText = "", DataFormatString = "{0:d}")]
    [Display(Name = "End Date")]
    public DateTime EndDate { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public bool Recurring { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public bool Enabled { get; set; }

    public bool Temporary
    {
        get
        {
            return (ToBeEnabledOn.HasValue && ToBeDisabledOn.HasValue);
        }
    }

    [Column(TypeName = "datetime2")]
    public DateTime? EnabledOn { get; set; }

    [Column(TypeName = "datetime2")]
    public DateTime? ToBeEnabledOn { get; set; }

    [Column(TypeName = "datetime2")]
    public DateTime? DisabledOn { get; set; }

    [Column(TypeName = "datetime2")]
    public DateTime? ToBeDisabledOn { get; set; }

    public ScheduleStatus Status { get; set; } // this is an enum
}

public class Shift
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    public string Description { get; set; }

    public Schedule Schedule { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Schedule")]
    public Guid? ScheduleId { get; set; }

    [Column(TypeName = "datetime2")]
    public DateTime? Start { get; set; }

    [NotMapped]
    public DateTime StartTime
    {
        get
        {
            return (Start ?? DateTime.Now);
        }
        set
        {
            Start = value;
        }
    }

    public long? TimeSpanDurationInTicks { get; set; }

    [NotMapped]
    public TimeSpan Duration
    {
        get
        {
            return new TimeSpan((TimeSpanDurationInTicks ?? 0));
        }
        set
        {
            TimeSpanDurationInTicks = value.Ticks;
        }
    }
}

我明确地将我所有的 DateTimes 设置为 datetime2。我使用 Context 类中的 Fluent API 为这些模型定义了其他一些 N:N 关系，但所有这些关系都在 Schedule 和其他模型之间。Shift 只有一个潜在的关系，那就是它的父 Schedule。一个时间表可以有几个班次，所以我的理解是这是一个非常简单的 1:N / N:1 或 0 关系。

我显然在某个地方错过了一些东西，但我不太清楚在哪里。我知道这大部分工作直到几个小时前才进行，并且我在设置其他一些关系时犯了一些错误，但是我已经删除了所有这些，并且所有无关的约束和值都从表中消失了。

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