date - 根据 Powershell 3.0 中的各种标准移动文件

Question

我读了https://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask/advice？如果文件存在，Powershell 移动项目重命名 http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/scriptcenter/en-US/c347ce7a-3e23-4476-90c2-37b79785ac2f/moving-files-based-on-modified-date Powershell ：递归移动文件 http://blogs.technet.com/b/heyscriptingguy/archive/2009/09/22/hey-scripting-guy-september-22-2009.aspx和大约两打文章。

我很抱歉，虽然我喜欢学习它以及它提供的可能性，但我对脚本知之甚少。除了使用 Windows CMD 的批处理文件之外，我以前的职位不需要我编写脚本。我最近接受了一个网络管理员职位，我的主管要求我编写一个脚本，该脚本将根据几个标准移动文件。我正在使用 Powershell 来完成此任务。

超过 1 天的文件从 $path 移动到 $destination
排除适用于 callpilot.dev 必须保持不变
必须移动位于源文件夹中的文件以及位于所有子文件夹中的文件
源文件夹结构必须保持不变
目标顶级文件夹必须包含实际日期减去 1 天
所有子文件夹结构必须使用与源结构相同的名称创建
应删除剩余的源文件（callpilot.dev 除外）

这是我的测试文件夹结构：

    c:\temp\others\callpilot 
    c:\temp\others\ftps 
    c:\temp\others\mysql 
    c:\temp\others\rss-enterprise 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8 
    c:\temp\others\tree.txt 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\example2.gz 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\backup.gz 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\barnak.bak 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\callpilot.dev 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\IPESystemBackup 131022 2000.bkp 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.22.2013_00-00-08_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.23.2013_00-00-08_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.4.2013_00-00-07_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\mysql\sql.txt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-enterprise\enterprise.txt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Bitmap Image.bmp 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Journal Document.jnt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Microsoft Visio Drawing.vsd

这是我的脚本：

$date = get-date 
$path = "C:\temp\others\*.*"
$destination = new-item "c:\temp\others\$($date.toshortdatestring().replace("/","-"))" -type directory
Foreach($file in (Get-ChildItem $path -file -recurse -exclude "callpilot.dev")) 
{ 
    If($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).adddays(-1).date) 
    { 
        Move-Item -Path $file.fullname -Destination $destination 
    } 
}

我错过了#6 和#7。你能帮我找到它们吗？

我收到了你的回复，谢谢。有些东西仍然无法正常工作。

这是我的脚本：

$date = get-date
$path = "C:\temp\others\*.*"
$destination = new-item "c:\temp\others\$($date.toshortdatestring().replace("/","-"))" -type directory

Foreach($file in (Get-ChildItem $path -file -recurse -exclude "callpilot.dev"))
{
    If($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).adddays(-2).date)
{
        $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())
        New-Item $destination -Type Directory -ea SilentlyContinue
        Move-Item $file $destination
    } else {
        Remove-Item $file
}
}

文件已移动，但未创建文件夹。错误是：

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Move-Item : Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:11 char:9
+         Move-Item $file $destination
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : WriteError: (C:\temp\others\...sio Drawing.vsd:FileInfo) [Move-Item], IOException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MoveFileInfoItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

我是否在正确的位置插入了您的台词？

score 0 · Accepted Answer

您可以使用$file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())获取没有驱动器名称的源文件夹路径，因此这将处理 #6：

$destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())
New-Item $destination -Type Directory -ea SilentlyContinue
Move-Item $file $destination

几点注意事项：

第一行将原始路径（不包括驱动器号）附加到$destination。
第二行创建目标目录（如果不存在）。-ea SilentlyContinue如果目标目录已经存在，可以防止它抱怨。你可以肛交if (! (Test-Path $destination)) {New-Item ...，但我认为那是浪费时间。
您可以省略参数名称-Path和-Destination ，因为它们是由位置暗示的（谷歌“powershell 位置参数”以获取更多信息）。
您无需阅读FullName属性。如果为字符串参数提供非字符串参数，PowerShell 会自动调用该参数的ToString()方法。因此，Move-Item $file $dest与相同，并且在 FileInfo 对象上Move-Item $file.ToString() $dest调用ToString()方法会为您提供FullName属性（由对象类定义指定）。这似乎是一个小问题，但是一旦你习惯了它，你会发现自己做的不必要的打字要少得多。一般规则是，如果它直观地看起来应该可以工作，它可能会（例如，很直观，您应该能够告诉它移动文件对象而无需做任何花哨的事情，例如指定对象的属性 - - 这样你就可以。）

对于#7，只需添加一个else子句来删除不符合条件的源文件：

if ($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).AddDays(-1).Date) {
  Move-Item $file "$destination\$($file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString()))"
} else {
  Remove-Item $file
}

为了安全起见，我建议您进行测试运行，Remove-Item -WhatIf $file以确保您获得所需的结果。更好的是[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]在脚本开头声明并使用-WhatIf运行整个脚本，但这可能比您现在想要的更高级。重要的部分是在让脚本进行大量不可逆更改之前始终进行非破坏性测试运行。

date - 根据 Powershell 3.0 中的各种标准移动文件

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