最近,我一直在试图弄清楚为什么一个特定的 PHP 脚本需要这么长时间。这是一个简单的组权限网格,每个组从前端获取 N 个复选框,并相应地更新权限表。简单的东西。
为了尽量减少到数据库的往返次数,我只是截断了表并为每个权限重新插入了行。这样做,我在插入步骤中看到绝对糟糕的性能。一切都包含在事务中,所有查询都使用 PDO 准备好的语句。
数据库本身是 MySQL,所有表都使用 InnoDB 引擎。插入的特定表非常简单,仅包含 3 列,如下所示:
CREATE TABLE `024_group_privs` (
`group_priv_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`group_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`activity_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`group_priv_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `group_id` (`group_id`,`activity_id`),
KEY `activity_id` (`activity_id`),
CONSTRAINT `024_group_privs_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`group_id`) REFERENCES `023_groups` (`group_id`),
CONSTRAINT `024_group_privs_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`activity_id`) REFERENCES `031_activities` (`activity_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=98 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
如您所见,一个基本的多对多映射表。
有问题的 PHP 代码(带有生成后续结果的测试脚手架)如下:
<?php
try {
//Connect to database
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase;charset=utf8', 'user', 'password');
//Begin transaction. If there are any errors; this will ensure we still have
// a good set of permissions when rolled back
$db->beginTransaction();
//Prepare insert and select statement
$ins_perm = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO 024_group_privs (group_id, activity_id) VALUES (:group_id, :activity_id)");
$get_act_id = $db->prepare("SELECT activity_page_key FROM 031_activities WHERE activity_id = :activity_id");
//Nuke existing permissions list; it will be re-built shortly and is faster than
// trying to 'true up' the differences in existing permissions with the new ones.
$trunc_s_time = microtime(true);
$db->query("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0");
$db->query("TRUNCATE TABLE 024_group_privs");
$db->query("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1");
$trunc_e_time = microtime(true);
print("Trunc time = " . ($trunc_e_time - $trunc_s_time) . "<br/><br/>");
$tot_ins_time = 0;
$tot_sel_time = 0;
//Get grout names from DB, do not trust POST object.
$query = "SELECT group_name, group_id FROM 023_groups";
foreach($db->query($query) as $row) {
//Get current group and related checkbox array. The names of these arrays are
// populated from the DB when the initial page is rendered.
$group_name = $row['group_name'];
$group_id = $row['group_id'];
$perms = $_POST[$group_name];
//Rebuild permissions for this group
foreach($perms as $activity_id) {
//Testing for select statement timing
$sel_s_time = microtime(true);
$get_act_id->bindValue(':activity_id', $activity_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$get_act_id->execute();
$result = $get_act_id->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$sel_e_time = microtime(true);
print("Sel time = " . ($sel_e_time - $sel_s_time) . "<br/>");
//Insert new permission <-- THIS IS THE SLOW QUERY
$ins_s_time = microtime(true);
$ins_perm->bindValue(':group_id', $group_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$ins_perm->bindValue(':activity_id', $activity_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$ins_perm->execute();
$ins_e_time = microtime(true);
print("Ins time = " . ($ins_e_time - $ins_s_time) . "<br/><br/>");
$tot_ins_time += ($ins_e_time - $ins_s_time);
$tot_sel_time += ($sel_e_time - $sel_s_time);
}
}
print("<br/>Total Sel time = " . $tot_sel_time . "<br/>");
print("Total Ins time = " . $tot_ins_time . "<br/>");
print("Total time = " . $tot_ins_time + $tot_sel_time . "<br/>");
//Commit changes
$db->commit();
//Close DB connection
$db = null;
} catch (Exception $ex) {
set_mysql_status($sid, "An error occurred while processing your request: " . $ex->getMessage());
$db->rollBack();
}
?>
我的测试结果如下(为简洁起见):
Trunc time = 2.1458051204681
Sel time = 0.00010895729064941
Ins time = 1.2832479476929
Sel time = 0.00010108947753906
Ins time = 1.2832760810852
Sel time = 0.00010204315185547
Ins time = 1.2749929428101
Sel time = 0.00011420249938965
Ins time = 5.0466451644897
Sel time = 0.00012516975402832
Ins time = 4.5408680438995
...
Total Sel time = 0.010221719741821
Total Ins time = 168.57392191887
问题:什么给了?我希望编译后的插入语句执行得比这快得多,尤其是对于这样简单的数据,更符合 select 语句的行。数据很小;每个表少于 100 行。没有表锁,因为这是我的私人(专用)开发环境,并且盒子本身没有运行其他任何东西,并且有足够的马力来执行简单的数据库事务。
我的理解/期望:由于准备好的语句和事务“包装器”,应尽量减少数据库往返。我唯一的想法是它是由于表上的两个外键造成的,但考虑到与处理它的机器相比数据大小,这将是非常可悲的。也许 MySQL 在每次插入时都强制写入完整的硬盘驱动器,但这似乎首先会破坏事务的目的。
我已经搜索了 Google 和 SO,尽管我发现的大多数问题都集中在准备循环内的查询或类似的东西上。
最后一点:此代码尚未针对安全性进行优化,旨在测试慢速插入。提前感谢您的任何帮助。